2.2 MI Study Guide PLTW Flashcards
Gene Therapy, Reproductive Technology, CF, (CRISPR is not included), etc
How does Ovulation Induction Work?
Ovaries are stimulated to produce mature eggs with the use of medication.
What are Ovulation Induction Risks?
- Overstimulation of the ovaries
- May result in multiple births
How does Artificial Insemination Work?
Placing a catheter into vagina filled with healthy sperm then goes through the cervix and into the uterus.
What are Artificial Insemination Risks?
- Increase of birth defects
- Ectopic pregnancy
- ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome
- multiple pregnancies
How does Donor Conception Work?
Uses donated eggs, sperm, or embryos through self Insemination or fertility treatment to conceive a child.
What are Donor Conception Risks?
- Possible inheritance of cancer related mutations
How does In-vitro fertilization Work?
Needle is inserted into ovaries to remove eggs and then are fertilized in lab to be placed back into uterus.
What are In-vitro Fertilization Risks?
- Miscarriage
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Cancer
- Multiple Births
- Stress
How do Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injections Work?
Involves injecting a single live sperm into an egg to help fertilize and mature. Semen sample is separated to define debris and dead semen so only live sperm is injected.
What are Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Risks?
- Miscarriage
-Heart Problems - Increased risk of infertility
- May not work
-Women’s eggs could be damaged
How does Surrogacy Work?
A process in which women are chosen to be a surrogate mother, they carry and give birth to a baby for another person and or couple.
How does Frozen Embryo Transfer Work?
Doctors take Frozen eggs and place them into a woman’s uterus, this is used when other embryos are unhealthy or leftover from past in-vitro treatments.
What are Frozen Embryo Transfer Risks?
- Hypersentive disorders
- Cancer in Children
- Cramping/ Bleeding
Gene Therapy
The alteration of genes of a person affiliated with a genetic disease
Vectors
An agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism
genome editing
The complement of an organism’s genes; an organism’s genetic material
What are the 3 strategies Involved in gene therapy?
Insert, Disable, and Repair
What are the two strategies used to introduce a vector?
In vivo, and In Vitro (Ex vivo)
What characteristics must you follow to be a good candidate for gene therapy?
- Do not have current effective treatments
- If it is a single-gene disorder
- The affected gene is known
- Adding a functional copy of the affected gene will resolve the issue
- Functional genes can be delivered to the affected tissue
What is In Vivo
taking place inside of a living organism
In Vitro (Ex vivo)
preformed in the lab, takes place outside of the living organism
Retrovirus Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Virus
8000 bp
DNA made from viral RNA and is integrated into host cell genome and then replicated
Adenovirus Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Virus
7,500 bp
Gene is not integrated in the host DNA and will be discarded by host cell after a couple of weeks
Adeno-Associated Virus Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Virus
5000 bp
Will integrate into host cell DNA
Herpes Simplex Virus Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Virus
20,000
DNA can stay in host cell without being integrated for a long time
Liposome Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Non-Viral
No Maximum
plasmid DNA not integrated into host cell
Plasmid Vector (Size, What genetic material it carries, and how it integrates)
Non-Viral
No Maximum
plasmid DNA not integrated into host cell
What is the name of mutated gene and protein for Cystic Fibrosis?
mutations on chromosome 7 affected CFTR
Where is CFTR found
Secretory cells throughout the body
Which tissues in CF patients need functional CFTR genes?
Digestive and Lung Tissues
What would medical scientists likely target in trying to cure CF?
Target DNA that codes for CFTR and finds the cause at the starts of the infection
