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Medical Interventions (Grade 11) Biomed > 1.1 MI Study Guide PLTW > Flashcards

1.1 MI Study Guide PLTW Flashcards

gene sequencing, Serial Dilution, Terms etc

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Medical Intervention

A

Anything used to improve health or later the course of a disease

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2
Q

Outbreak

A

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

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3
Q

pathogen

A

A specific cause or agent of disease

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4
Q

What is a Contact Tracer

A

The personnel responsible for finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure

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5
Q

bioinformatics

A

a scientific field that uses computer science and biology to collect, store, analyze, and share biological data

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6
Q

genome

A

the complement of an organism’s genes; an organisms genetic material

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7
Q

bioinformatician

A

Scientists involved in the field of bioinformatics

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8
Q

What is DNA sequencing?

A

How scientists determine the precise order of nucleotides in a molecule.

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9
Q

Which Nucleotides belong to each color tag?

A

Red-Thymine
Green-Adenine
Cytosine-Blue
Yellow/Black-Guanine

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10
Q

What are the 6 steps in order of gene sequencing?

A
  1. DNA strand untwists and spits up the ladder, and also makes copies by using PCR
  2. Denature: uses heat which breaks up H-Bonds
  3. Anneal: adds primer to signal where to start
  4. Extend (adding nucleotides): adds matching pairs with tags to polymerase template
  5. Gene Sequencing: Random tagging of genes will occur and end abruptly
  6. Using modified Electrophoresis which uses a scanner to detect fluorescent tags to give different wave patterns
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11
Q

BLAST

A

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

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12
Q

GenBank Database

A

The national library of medicine

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13
Q

Why is PCR used in DNA sequencing?

A

PCR is used to make infinite copies of DNA to test during DNA sequencing.

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14
Q

How can DNA sequencing be used to identify other classes of pathogens, such as viruses?

A

DNA sequencing can determine the exact order of nucleotides and compare them to other pathogens/ viruses

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15
Q

What is Tube Dilution used for?

A

To measure the concentration of antibiotic needed to inhibit bacterial growth

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16
Q

Tube Dilution (Formula)

A

amount of solute (thing being dissolved) / total amount of solution (solute+solvent)

17
Q

Final Dilution (Formula)

A

Tube Dilution of first tube (multiplied by) tube dilution of the next

18
Q

Final Concentraion (Formula)

A

Original Concentraion (given) (multiplied by) final dilution

19
Q

antibody

A

A protein secreted by plasma cells that binds to a particular antigen and marks for elimination

20
Q

antigen

A

A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an immune response

21
Q

Booster

A

A Vaccination given after a previous vaccination

22
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance

23
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid substance capable of dissolving another substance

24
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gasses, or a combination of these

25
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

26
Q

What is ELISA?

A

A laboratory technique that detects and measures the amount of a substance in a sample. It usue antibodies linked to enzymes to detect the presence of antigens, antibodies, proteins, and hormones in bodily fluid.

27
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction

28
Q

Qualitative Results

A

Research findings that are descriptive and expressed in words rather than numbers

29
Q

Quantitative Results

A

Numerical Data that can be analyzed statistically to provide precise answers to research questions

30
Q

What are the steps in order that are included in ELISA?

A
  1. Add sample
    -select proteins will stick to wall
  2. Add primary Antibody
    -Sticks to Select Proteins on well walls
  3. Add Secondary Antibody
    -sticks to primary antibody with tagged enzyme
  4. Add substrate B
    -Sticks to secondary antibodies which will create a color change
  5. Look for positive/negative indicators from color changes
31
Q

What are the two types of ELISA? What do they do?

A

1). Antigen ELISA: Measuring the amount of antigens in the body
2). Antibody ELISA: Measuring the amount of antibodies in the body

32
Q

Why do we use Antigen ELISA?

A

To determine if someone is infected or if you have a high viral load, otherwise known as patient 0.

33
Q

Why do we use Antibody ELISA?

A

To determine whether your immune system is immune to a pathogen or not, or if you’ve recovered from an illness.

Medical Interventions (Grade 11) Biomed (2 decks)

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