22. Halides and oxides Flashcards
What is the chloralkali process?
Industrial process for electrolysis of NaCl solutions. It is the technology used to produce Cl2 and NaOH
But bad because products mix → further development into mercury - cathode process
What is brine?
NaCl and water solution
Explain mercury cathode process
Better than chloralkali process because Cl2 and NaOH poducts are separated - better for environment
But mercurey (Hg) - very toxic → development into membrane cell process
What is the development of membrane cell process?
Chloralkali process (products mix) → mercury cathode process (Hg highly toxic) → membrane cell process
Development to minimise harm to the environment and toxicity
Explain membrane cell process
Semi-permeable membrane → permeable to positive ions (Na+) but not negative (CO-,OH- cannot contaminate other sides) → best design for Cl2 and NaOH production
What is the compound for the semi-permeable membrane?
SO3- - negative charge doesn’t allow negative ions travel - only positive (also H2O can pass - neutral)
Also chemically resistant
What should be the minimum and maximum oxidation states according to e- configuration of O? Why not those?
According to e- configuration: min -2, max +4 BUT max +2 (in OF2) because xx
What are the the possible types of oxides based on acidity? What are the trends?
Metal oxides → basic
Non-metal oxides → acidic
Amphoteric oxides → neutral (solution acidic with strong acids, solution basic with strong bases)
What are the the possible types of oxides based on bonding character? What are the trends?
How do acidic / basic oxides react with acids / bases?
Acidic oxides: with acids → no reaction; with bases → salt
Basic oxides: with acids → salt; with bases → no reaction
What is the process used to manufacture sulphur?
Claus process
What is the process used to manufacture sulphur trioxide and further sulphuric acid?
Contact process
What is the process used to manufacture sulphur trioxide and further sulphuric acid?
Contact process
