21. Halogens

Question 1

Why are halogens usually -1?

Answer 1

Highly energetically favourable to gain 1 e-
Ionisation energies very high - don’t lose e-

Halogens - strong oxidants

Can gain positive charge when bonded to higher EN atoms

Question 2

What are the states of matter of halogens in room temperature?

Answer 2

Question 3

Why halogens don’t bond with oxygen?

Answer 3

Because both have high EN → not favourable to bind

Question 4

What are the hydrolysis reactions of Cl₂?

Answer 4

Question 5

What type of bonds are formed in Me halides?

Answer 5

Low oxidation state Me (Na, Ca, Co) - ionic

High oxidation state Me (Sn, Al, U) - covalent

Question 6

What is the trend in stability of halides?

Answer 6

The larger the atom (halogen) - the less stable the compound (halide)

NF₃ more stable than NCl₃ because F atom is smaller than Cl atom

Question 7

What is the difference in reaction of ionic and covalent halides?

Answer 7

IONIC: just dissolve, neutral solution

COVALENT: are hyrdolysed, acidic solution (from HX: ex HCl)