2.2. Gastric Disease - Gastritis

Question 1

Is Gastritis more common in Males or Females?

Answer 1

Males

Question 2

What are the 3 methods Gastritis can be a result of?

Answer 2

A - Autoimmune Disease
B - Bacterial Infection
C - Chemical Toxicity

Question 3

What is the pathology of Autoimmune Gastritis?

Answer 3

Autoantibodies react with the Gastric Mucosa causing inflammation

Question 4

What is the pathology of Bacterial Infection Gastritis?

Answer 4

A bacterial reaction causes an Immune Mediated Inflammatory Response
(This is usually H. Pylori)

Question 5

What is the pathology of Chemical Toxicity Gastritis?

Answer 5

Toxic Chemicals irratating the Gastric Mucosa, causing inflammation

Question 6

What are the 3 areas where Gastritis can occur?

Answer 6

1. The Antrum of the Stomach
2. The Corpus of the Stomach
3. A Mix of Both

Question 7

What will Gastritis in the Antrum of the Stomach cause?

Answer 7

An increase in Gastric Acid Production

Question 8

What can an increase in Gastric Acid production lead to?

Answer 8

1. Peptic Ulceration (Common)

2. Gastric Cancer (Low Risk)

Question 9

What will Gastritis in the Corpus of the Stomach cause?

Answer 9

A decrease in Gastric Acid Production

Question 10

What can a decrease in Gastric Acid production lead to?

Answer 10

Gastric Atrophy

Question 11

What can Gastric Atrophy lead to?

Answer 11

Gastric Cancer

Question 12

What will a Mix of Antral and Corpusal Gastritis cause?

Answer 12

No change in the acid levels, so there will be no significant disease

Question 13

What are the Clinical Signs of Antral Gastritis?

Answer 13

1. Increased Gastric Acid
2. Symptoms of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
3. Peptic Ulceration

Question 14

What are the Clinical Signs of Corpusal Gastritis?

Answer 14

1. Decreased Gastric Acid
2. A Decrease in Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
3. A Decrease in Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)
4. Gastric Cancer

Question 15

Why is there a decrease in Interleukin-1 (IL-1)?

Answer 15

There is no known reason

Question 16

Why is there a Decrease in Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)?

Answer 16

Due to the Decrease in Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Question 17

Why is there an increased chance in getting Gastric Cancer?

Answer 17

Due to the Decrease in Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)?

Question 18

What would a patient with Gastritis present with?

Answer 18

1. Epigastric Pain
2. Nausea / Vomiting
3. Heartburn
4. Night Umbilical Pain

Question 19

Why would the Epigastric Pain occur?

Answer 19

Due to the Inflammation in the Stomach

Question 20

Why does the Nausea / Vomiting occur?

Answer 20

Due to the inflammation in the stomach and the bodies natural reaction to Stomach irritation

Question 21

Why does the Heartburn occur in Antral Gastritis?

Answer 21

Due to the Excess of Gastric Acid produced leading to GORD symptoms

Question 22

Why does the Heartburn occur in Corpusal Gastritis?

Answer 22

Due to the inflammation in the Stomach

Question 23

Why would Night Umbilical Pain occur?

Answer 23

Due to the potential pain caused by a Duodenal Ulcer - it will be worse when lying down (i.e. at night)

Question 24

What investigations are necessary for Gastritis?

Answer 24

1. Upper G.I. Endoscopy with Biopsy

2. The Investigations for H. Pylori infection

Question 25

What are the investigations for H. Pylori infection?

Answer 25

1. Serology
2. Stool ELISA
3. Bacterial Culture
4. Urea Breath Test

Question 26

What is the purpose of the Upper G.I. Endoscopy with Biopsy?

Answer 26

1. To visualize where the Gastritis is, and its severity

2. To see if any Dysplasia has occurred

Question 27

What is the Treatment for Gastritis?

Answer 27

1. Eradication Therapy (if H. Pylori is the cause)

2. Lifestyle Altercation (Cease chemical ingestion if that is the cause)

Question 28

What can occur due to the Inflammation?

Answer 28

Bleeding into the Gastric Lumen