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PHA 3112 > 2.2 - CNS Drugs (General) > Flashcards

2.2 - CNS Drugs (General) Flashcards

1
Q

Which two substances are combined by ChAT to produce ACh?

A

Choline + Acetyl CoA

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2
Q

What is ChAT?

A

Choline Acetyl Transferase
–> The enzyme that converts choline and acetyl CoA to produce ACh.

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3
Q

Which enzyme breaks down ACh within the synaptic cleft?

A

Acetylcholine esterase (AChE)

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4
Q

AChE turns ACh into…

A

Choline (which is taken back up and made into more ACh), and acetate (Which enters the Krebs cycle)

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5
Q

Which drug results in the inhibition of choline reuptake from synapse?

A

Hemicholinium
–> Decreased further synthesis of ACh

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6
Q

What is hemicholinium?

A

A drug that inhibits choline reuptake within the synapse

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7
Q

Which drugs inhibits ACh storage in the vesicle?

A

Vesamicol

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8
Q

What does vesamicol do?

A

Inhibits ACh storage in vesicle.

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9
Q

Which drug prevents ACh release?

A

Botulinum toxin

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10
Q

What does the botulinum toxin do to the body?

A

Prevent ACh NT release, resulting in muscle paralysis.

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11
Q

What drug displaces ACh from vesicles?

A

Latrotoxin - black widow venom

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12
Q

What does black widow toxin do to the body?

A

Latrotoxin displaces ACh from vesicles, therefore preventing its release. Leading to muscle paralysis.

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13
Q

What are the two kinds of cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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14
Q

Give an example of a PSNS cholinergic receptor agonist.

A

Muscarine

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15
Q

Give an example of a PSNS cholinergic receptor antagonist.

A

Atropine

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16
Q

What does muscarine do to the body?

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist

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17
Q

What does atropine do to the body?

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

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18
Q

Which drug inhibits AChE?

A

Neostigmine, and nerve gases

19
Q

What is neostigmine?

A

AChE inhibitor - increases ACh levels by preventing is breakdown.

20
Q

All postganglionic receptors (of the neuron itself) in the ANS have which kind of ACh receptor?

A

Nicotinic

21
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found in target tissue?

A

Smooth muscle and glands, sweat glands.

22
Q

All target tissue of the PSNS has which kind of cholinergic receptor?

A

Muscarinic (Smooth muscle and glands all have muscarinic ACh receptors)

23
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found in the body?

A

On postganglionic neurons, skeletal muscle, and the adrenal medulla

24
Q

Where do SNS target tissues have muscarinic receptors?

A

In sweat glands

25
Q

What is a general rule for the roles of a1 receptors?

A

They are involves in vasoconstriction, or constriction

26
Q

What is the general rule for a2 receptors?

A

They are involved in negative feedback

27
Q

What is the general rule for B1 receptors?

A

The heart and kidneys

27
Q

What is the general rule for B2 receptors?

A

Relaxation/dilation

28
Q

Which two structures have B3 adrenergic receptors? What do they signal for?

A

Adipose tissue - lipolysis
Bladder (detrusor) - Relaxation

29
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptors promote glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?

A

B2

30
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptors signal for decreased GI motility? What about GI secretions?

A

–> B2 for motility
–> a2 for secretions

31
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptors signal for increased insulin secretion from the pancreas? What about decreased insulin secretion?

A

–> Increased is B2
–> Decreased is A2

32
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptors trigger for relaxation of the bronchi, uterus and bladder, as well as vasodilation near skeletal muscles and coronaries?

A

B2

33
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptors signal for increased heart rate and increased force of contraction?

A

B1

34
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptor signals for renin release on the kidneys?

A

B1

35
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptor signals for inhibition of NA release on presynaptic neurons?

A

a2

36
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptor signals for mydriasis, piloerector muscles, ejaculation, internal urinary sphincter contraction, and vasocontraction near the skin and splanchnic vessels?

A

a1

37
Q

What kind of adrenergic receptor signals for thick viscous secretions from the salivary glands?

A

A1

38
Q

Where are nicotinic neuronal receptors found? What does it do?

A

–> ANS postganglionic ganglions (complex and difficult to predict)
–> Adrenal medulla (NE and E release at a 4:1 ratio)

39
Q

Where are nicotinic muscular receptors found?

A

Somatic skeletal muscles only. Leads to depolarization and contraction

40
Q

Which kind of cholinergic receptors are found in the brain?

A

M1, M4, M5.

41
Q

Where are M2 receptors found?

A

In the heart muscle - decreased heart rate, decreased force of atrial contraction

42
Q

Where are M3 receptors found? what do they do?

A

Smooth muscle and glands (Salivary, lacrimal, bronchial GI)

Stimulates iris sphincter for miosis
Contraction of ciliary muscle (accommodation)

Sweat glands - diaphoresis (sympathetic)

43
Q

Which part of the SNS used cholinergic receptors? Which one does it use?

A

Sweat glands - M3

PHA 3112 (22 decks)

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