Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHA 3112 > 2.1 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

2.1 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

ANS physiology and drugs that affect SNS

1
Q

What are other names for the ANS?

A

Visceral, vegetative, or involuntary nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The efferent arm of the ANS is divided into which two branches?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the names for the first and second neuron in the ANS?

A

Pre- and Post-ganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do neurons in the SNS exit the CNS?

A

Thoracolumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do neurons in the PSNS exit the CNS?

A

Cranio-sacral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the cranial nerves in the PSNS?

A

III (Oculomotor)
VII (Facial)
IX (Glossopharyngeal)
X (Vagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which branch of the ANS has diffuse effects in the body? Which has more localized effects?

A

Diffuse: SNS
Localized: PSNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do SNS ganglia lie?

A

Along the spinal column (paravertebbral)
+ Few ganglia in core of body (prevertebral) e.g., celiac, and superior and inferior mesenteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which sacral nerves are innervates by the PSNS?

A

S2, 3, 4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the pupils do when stimulated by SNS?

A

They dilate (Mydriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

When the radial muscle contracts (pupil dilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does SNS stimulation do to the heart?

A

Increases both then rate and force of contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does SNS stimulation do to the lungs?

A

Dilates bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does SNS stimulation do to the adrenals?

A

Stimulates release of adrenaline into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does SNS stimulation affect the vasoconstriction?

A

Constriction of BVs in:
Skin, GI system

Dilation of BVs in:
Skeletal muscles, heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the SNS do to sex organs?

A

SNS is responsible for contraction of smooth muscle (ejaculation, vaginal contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the SNS do to the urinary system?

A

Contraction of the internal urinary sphincter
+ Relaxation of detrusor muscle, to increase bladder reservoir.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the SNS do to the GI system?

A

Inhibits gastric secretions and intestinal secretions and motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the SNS do to the liver and adipose tissue?

A

Increases glycogenolysis and lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does SNS stimulation do to the sweat glands?

A

Increased diaphoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does SNS stimulation affect coagulation?

A

It increases it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Releases of glucose from hepatic glycogen stores (or locally within muscle stores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

Release of free fatty acids stored originally in adipose tissue as triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does PSNS stimulation do to the pupils?

A

Pupillary constriction (Miosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is miosis?

A

Constriction of the ciliary muscle to accommodate near vision, pupil constriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which branch of the ANS allows for accomodation?

A

The PSNS allows for miosis.

27
Q

How does PSNS stimulation affect the heart?

A

It reduces the heart rate, and only reduces the force of atrial contraction (does not innervate ventricles)

28
Q

How does PSNS stimulation affect the lungs?

A

Stimulates bronchoconstriction and increases secretions

29
Q

Which branch of the ANS innervates only the atria?

A

The PSNS

30
Q

How does the PSNS affect the GI system?

A

Stimulates secretion and motility of stomach and intestines.

31
Q

How does the PSNS affect the sex organs?

A

Responsible for erection.
Point and shoot - prof

32
Q

What does the PSNS do to the detrusor muscle and urinary sphincter?

A

Contraction of bladder, relaxation of internal urinary sphincter

33
Q

How does the PSNS affect the BVs?

A

It does not innervate the BVs.

34
Q

How does the SNS affect the kidneys?

A

It stimulates renin secretion

35
Q

The PSNS has long or short pre- and post-ganglionic axons?

A

Long preganglionic and short postganglionic

36
Q

The SNS has long or short pre- and post-ganglionic axons?

A

Short preganglionic and long postganglionic

37
Q

Which area of the SNS has no postganglionic neuron?

A

The neuron that stimulates the adrenal medulla to release NE

38
Q

Which hormone do all neurons in the PSNS release?

A

Ach

39
Q

Most postganglionic neurons in the SNS release NE. Which ones do not?

A

The ones that innervate sweat glands release Ach.
(so does the one that communicates with the adrenals, but there is no postganglionic neuron there)

40
Q

What hormone do the adrenal medullas secrete?

A

E, NE; 4:1 ratio

41
Q

What is the difference between NE and E?

A

NE is a NT, E is a hormone.

Noradrenaline is released by postganglionic neurons, whereas adrenaline is released by the adrenal medulla.

42
Q

In what sequence is adrenaline synthesized?

A

Tyrosine –> DOPA –> Dopamine –> Noradrenaline –> Adrenaline

43
Q

Why would you administer DOPA to a pt?

A

They have a dopamine deficiency (Parkinson’s)

44
Q

Where is noradrenaline converted into adrenaline?

A

Adrenal medulla

45
Q

What happens to the majority of noradrenaline after it is released in vesicles and acts on target receptors?

A

Most of it undergoes reuptake, unless it is degraded by enzymes.

46
Q

Which extra-neuronal enzyme can degrade noradrenaline?

A

COMT
–> Catechol-o-methyltransferase

47
Q

Which enzyme degrades noradrenaline within the neuron?

A

MOA
–> Monoamine oxidase

48
Q

What is the metabolite found in urine of NE released peripherally?

A

VMA
–> Vanillyl mandelic acid

49
Q

What is the metabolite found in urine of NE released centrally (in the brain)?

A

MOPEG
–> 3-methyl-4-hydroxyohenylglycol

50
Q

Which drug inhibits the synthesis between tyrosine and dopa?

A

Alpha methyl tyrosine

51
Q

What is the role of alpha methyl tyrosine?

A

To inhibit the synthesis of tyrosine to dopa.

52
Q

How does alpha methyl DOPA prevent the production of NE?

A

It competes with the enzyme that converts it, resulting in synthesis of alpha-methyl NE. This is a false neurotransmitter, it has very little adrenergic activity. Resulting in less NE release

53
Q

Which drug inhibits the storage of NE?

A

Reserpine

54
Q

What is the role of reserpine?

A

Blocks the storage of NE, which leads to decreased release of it and resulting in more of it being broken down by MOA.

55
Q

What drug prevents NE release from neuron?

A

Guanethidine

56
Q

What does guanethidine do?

A

Prevents NT release, decreases sympathetic effects.

57
Q

Which drugs inhibit NE reuptake from the synapse?

A

Cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants

58
Q

What do tricyclic antidepressants and cocaine do to the body?

A

Inhibit the reuptake of NE.

59
Q

What drug displaces NE from the vesicle?

A

Amphetamines and derivatives (Methamphetamines and MDMA)

60
Q

What do amphetamines and derivatives do to the body?

A

amphetamines enter the neuron and and bumps NE out of the vesicle. As a result, NE flows out of the vesicle, out of the cell via a pump, and into the synaptic cleft if it is not first broken down by MOA.
As a net effect, NE levels in the synapse increase.

61
Q

Which drug inhibits the enzymatic breakdown of NE?

A

MOA inhibitors such as pargyline

62
Q

What does pargyline do to the body?

A

It is an MOA inhibitor
Net effect on NE: more stores within vesicles and subsequently released upon stimulation.

63
Q

What kind of drugs is a beta1 andrenergic agonist?

A

Dobutamine

64
Q

What kind of drug is a beta1 adrenergic antagonist?

A

Metoprolol

PHA 3112 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions