2.2 cellular respiration Flashcards
Define phosphorylation
-an enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to a molecule
State what is glucose broken down to in glycolysis
Pyruvate + 2x ATP (x2)
how many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis
4
What is the net gain in glycolysis
2x ATP
Where does glycolysis take place
Cytoplasm
What is pyruvate broken down into in the presence of oxygen
- an acetyl group
- CO2
What does acetyl CoA combine with to form citrate
Oxaloacetate
State where the citric acid cycle takes place
The matrix
What is NAD
A coenzyme that binds with hydrogen ions during respiration to form NADH
What is the enzyme that removes hydrogen along with electrons which the NAD carries to the electron transport chain
Dehydrogenase
Define fermentation
The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
What is the product of fermentation in animal cells
Lactate
What is the product of fermentation in plant and yeast cells
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is the product of fermentation in plant and yeast cells
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Where does the electron transport chain take place
The inner membrane of a mitochondria
