2.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is ‘Respiration’?
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions that releases energy from glucose to synthesise ATP molecules.
What is the word equation for respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the preferred respiratory substrate?
Glucose
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine TriPhosphate
What are the two main roles of ATP?
- Act as energy transfer molecules
2. Carry out phosphorylation of molecules
What is ‘Phosphorylation’
Addition of an inorganic phosphate molecule
What is the role of coenzymes NAD in respiration?
Collect hydrogen ions and high energy electrons and deliver them to the electron transfer chain of aerobic respiration
What is the role of dehydrogenase enzymes?
1 - Remove hydrogen ions and high energy electrons during breakdown of glucose
2 - Pass them to coenzymes
What is the first stage of respiration?
Glycolysis
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the two stages known as in glycolysis?
Energy investment and Energy Payoff
What is meant by ‘Net gain of 2 ATP in Glycolysis’
- Invest 2 ATP
- Releases 4 ATP
Gain two more ATP than put in
What happens in animals after glycolysis in the absence of oxygen?
Pyruvate is converted into Lactic Acid
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Is the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid reversible or irreversible?
Reversible