22 - Behaviour of Tumours Flashcards
Cell to cell adhesion molecules
cadherins
cell to matrix adhesion molecules
integrins
why is EMT so important
mesenchymal cells are more loosely connected and able to migrate
proteolytic enzymes
interstitial collagenases
gelatinases
stomolysins
interstitial collagenases degrade
collagen I, II, III
gelatinases degrade
collagen IV, gelatin
stomolysins degrade
collagen IV, proteoglycans
transcoelomic met routes
across peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities or in CSF
implantation met routes
spillage of tumour during biopsy/surgery
carcinomas prefer what met spread
lymphatic spread first
sarcomas prefer what spread first
blood spread
bones mets go?
breast prostate lung kidney thyroid
transcoelomic met route for
ovarian
brain and adrenal go where
lung
bone mets can be
lytic (lung) or sclerotic (prostate)
stage vs grade
stage - how advanced is the tumour? has the cancer spread? how far?
grade - how aggressive is the tumour? how different does it look from the tissue of origin?
TMN system stands for
tumour mets nodes
T stage
Tis - in situ disease
T1 5cm
T4 involving skin or chest wall
N stage
N0 - no nodes
N1 - ipsilateral nodes
N2 - >node involvement
M stage
M0 - no distant mets
M1 - distants mets
Dukes Staging for colorectal cancer
A = invades into, but not through bowel wall B = invades through the bowel wall but with no lymph node mets C = local lymph nodes involved D = distant mets
Grading looks at
differentiation level
nuclear pleomorphism and size
mitotic activity
necrosis
