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MoD > 22 - Behaviour of Tumours > Flashcards

22 - Behaviour of Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Cell to cell adhesion molecules

A

cadherins

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2
Q

cell to matrix adhesion molecules

A

integrins

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3
Q

why is EMT so important

A

mesenchymal cells are more loosely connected and able to migrate

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4
Q

proteolytic enzymes

A

interstitial collagenases
gelatinases
stomolysins

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5
Q

interstitial collagenases degrade

A

collagen I, II, III

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6
Q

gelatinases degrade

A

collagen IV, gelatin

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7
Q

stomolysins degrade

A

collagen IV, proteoglycans

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8
Q

transcoelomic met routes

A

across peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities or in CSF

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9
Q

implantation met routes

A

spillage of tumour during biopsy/surgery

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10
Q

carcinomas prefer what met spread

A

lymphatic spread first

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11
Q

sarcomas prefer what spread first

A

blood spread

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12
Q

bones mets go?

A 
breast
prostate
lung
kidney
thyroid
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13
Q

transcoelomic met route for

A

ovarian

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14
Q

brain and adrenal go where

A

lung

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15
Q

bone mets can be

A

lytic (lung) or sclerotic (prostate)

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16
Q

stage vs grade

A

stage - how advanced is the tumour? has the cancer spread? how far?

grade - how aggressive is the tumour? how different does it look from the tissue of origin?

17
Q

TMN system stands for

A

tumour mets nodes

18
Q

T stage

A

Tis - in situ disease
T1 5cm
T4 involving skin or chest wall

19
Q

N stage

A

N0 - no nodes
N1 - ipsilateral nodes
N2 - >node involvement

20
Q

M stage

A

M0 - no distant mets

M1 - distants mets

21
Q

Dukes Staging for colorectal cancer

A 
A = invades into, but not through bowel wall
B = invades through the bowel wall but with no lymph node mets
C = local lymph nodes involved
D = distant mets
22
Q

Grading looks at

A

differentiation level
nuclear pleomorphism and size
mitotic activity
necrosis

MoD (20 decks)

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