2.2 Flashcards
What is Hess’ law?
This states that if a reaction can take place by more than one route and the initial and final conditions are the same, the total enthalpy change is the same for each route.
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation?
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions.
What is the standard enthalpy change of atomisation?
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous atoms forms from the element in its standard state.
What is the first ionisation energy?
The enthalpy change accompanying the removal of one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
What is the second ionisation energy?
The enthalpy change accompanying the removal of one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to dos, one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
What I’d the first electron affinity?
The enthalpy change accompanying the addition of one electron to each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1- ions.
What is the second electron affinity?
The enthalpy change accompanying the addition of one electron to each ion in one mole of gaseous 1- ions to form one mole of gaseous 2- ions.
What is lattice enthalpy?
The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of one mole of an ionic compound from its gaseous ions under standard conditions.
What is the standard enthalpy change of solution?
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is completely dissolved in water under standard conditions.
What is the standard enthalpy change of hydration?
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of isolated gaseous ions is dissolved in water forming one mole of aqueous ions under standard conditions.
What is entropy, S?
The quantitative measure of the degree of disorder in a system.
What is the standard entropy change of reaction, 🔼S⛔️?
The entropy change that accompanies a reaction in the molar quantities expressed in a chemical equation under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states.
What is the free energy change, 🔼G?
The balance between enthalpy, entropy and temperature for a process: 🔼G = 🔼H - T🔼S.
A process can take place spontaneously when 🔼G
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons or increase in oxidation number.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation number.
