1.1 Flashcards
Addition reactions
Reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule.
Substitution reaction
Reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.
What is an electrophile?
An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is an electrophilic reaction?
Type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
What is a reaction mechanism?
A series of steps that make up the overall reaction.
What is a curly arrow?
A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds.
What is a functional group?
The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions.
What is electronegativity?
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
What is the stem?
The longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule.
What is a suffix?
The part of the name added after the stem.
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place.
What is reflux?
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction take place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
What is a nucleophile?
An atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron-deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
Delocalised electrons
Electrons shared between two atoms.
What is esterification?
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylate acid to produce an ester and water.
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
What is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
They are responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues - build up fatty deposits that restrict blood flow.
What is a high density lipoprotein (HDL)?
It can remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to liver for excretion or re-utilisation.
What is a primary amine?
One in which the nitrogen atom is attached to one carbon chain.
