2.1

Question 1

What is the initial rate of reaction?

Answer 1

The change in concentration of a reactant, or product, per unit time at the start of a reaction when t=0.

Question 2

What is the rate equation for a reaction A + B&raquo_space;> C?

Answer 2

Rate = k[A][B]

Question 3

What is the half life of a reactant?

Answer 3

The time taken for the concentration of the reactant to reduce by half.

Question 4

What is the rate determining step?

Answer 4

The slowest step in the reaction mechanism of a multi step reaction.

Question 5

What is an intermediate?

Answer 5

A species formed in one step of a multi step reaction that is used up in a subsequent step, and is not seen as either a reactant or a product of the overall equation.

Question 6

What is the rate of reaction?

Answer 6

The change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.

Question 7

What is an order with respect to a reactant?

Answer 7

The power to which the concentration of the reactant is raised in the rate equation.

Question 8

What is the overall order of a reaction?

Answer 8

The sum of the individual orders.

Question 9

What is the rate constant, K?

Answer 9

The constant that links the rate of reaction with the concentrations of the reactants raised to the powers of their orders in the rate equation.

Question 10

What is a reaction mechanism?

Answer 10

A series of steps that make up the overall equation.

Question 11

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 11

Exists in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

Question 12

What is a homogeneous equilibrium?

Answer 12

An equilibrium in which all the species making up the reactants and products are in the same physical state.

Question 13

What is a heterogeneous equilibrium?

Answer 13

An equilibrium in which species making up the reactants and products are in different physical states.

Question 14

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

Answer 14

A proton donor.

Question 15

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

Answer 15

A proton acceptor.

Question 16

What is an alkali?

Answer 16

A base that dissolves in water forming OH- ions.

Question 17

What is neutralisation?

Answer 17

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to produce a salt and water.

Question 18

What is an acid-base pair?

Answer 18

A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.

Question 19

What is the calculation for pH?

Answer 19

-log[H+]

Question 20

What is the calculation for [H+]?

Answer 20

10^-pH

Question 21

What is a strong acid?

Answer 21

An acid that completely dissociates in solution.

Question 22

What is a weak acid?

Answer 22

An acid that partially dissociates in solution.

Question 23

What is Ka?

Answer 23

The acid dissociation constant.

Ka = ([H+][A-])➗[HA]

Question 24

What is pKa?

Answer 24

-log(Ka)

Question 25

What is Ka (in terms of pKa)?

Answer 25

10^-pKa

Question 26

What is Kw?

Answer 26

The ionic product of water.

Kw = [H+][OH-] = at 25 degrees Celsius, 10^-14 mol2 dm-6

Question 27

What is a buffer solution?

Answer 27

A mixture that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of acid or base.

Question 28

What is the equivalence point?

Answer 28

The point in a titration at which the volume of one solution has reacted exactly with the volume of the second solution.

Question 29

What is the end point?

Answer 29

The point in a titration at which there are equal concentrations of the weak acid and conjugate base forms of the indicator.

Question 30

What is the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation?

Answer 30

The energy change that accompanies the neutralisation of an aqueous acid by an aqueous base to form one mole of water, under standard conditions.