2.2-2.4

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Metabolism is all the
chemical reactions within
an organism

Question 2

______ pathways break
down complex molecules
and release energy

HINT: catabolic or anabolic?

Answer 2

Catabolic

Question 3

_______ pathways build complex molecules and

consume energy

Answer 3

anabolic

Question 4

Pathways are coupled and regulated via _______

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

______ obtain energy from large organic

molecules; carbs, lipids, proteins

Answer 5

Heterotrophs

Question 6

______ pathways relocate the electrons stored in food

molecules

Answer 6

Catabolic

Question 7

Relocating electrons ______ energy that can be used

to synthesize ATP

Answer 7

releases

Question 8

What’s oxidation?

Answer 8

The loss of electrons

Question 9

What’s reduction?

Answer 9

The gain of electrons

Question 10

Charge is ____ because reactant becomes negative

Answer 10

reduced

Question 11

What is released upon oxidation?

Answer 11

Free energy

Question 12

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are

excellent fuels because?

Answer 12

many bonds

Question 13

Free energy is released via oxidation and stored

as ATP and reduced coenzymes:

Answer 13

NADH &

FADH2

Question 14

What serve

as long term free energy storage molecules?

Answer 14

Polyhydroxybutyrate and other polymers

Question 15

Free energy is the portion of a system’s energy that is able to
perform ____ when temperature is uniform throughout the
system

Answer 15

work

Question 16

What can cells do with free energy?

Answer 16

Mechanical, Transport, Anabolism

Question 17

Glucose is highly _____ and is oxidized to release free

energy

Answer 17

reduced

Question 18

Free energy of e- is stored as…?

Answer 18

ATP, reduced coenzymes, NADH, FADH2

Question 19

An _______ reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy; ΔG
is negative

Answer 19

exergonic

Question 20

___ is the immediate
source of energy that
powers most cellular
work

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

______ and _____ are long term free energy

storage molecules

Answer 21

Glycogen and triglycerides

Question 22

___ is a short term free energy storage molecule

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 23

Energy can be transformed from one type to
another; energy cannot be created or
destroyed; exceptions are stars and nuclear
reaction

Question 24

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 24

Every energy transformation makes the

system more disordered

Question 25

What is the measure of disorder?

Answer 25

Entropy

Question 26

↑ oC = _ random molecular motion

Answer 26

↑

Question 27

Entropy ____ when cells die win or lose?

Answer 27

wins

Question 28

The free energy contained in food / fuel is transferred to ATP & reduced coenzymes in four steps:

Answer 28

1. Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate oxidation 3. Krebs/CAC 4. ETC

Question 29

Is glycolysis independent of O2?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What is phase one of glycolysis?

Answer 30

Energy Investment | Requires 2 ATPs

Question 31

What is phase two of glycolysis?

Answer 31

Pay off | Free energy stored as 4 ATPs

Question 32

The most common type of glycolysis is the _________ pathway

Answer 32

Embden- | Meyerhof-Parnas

Question 33

Gram ____ bacteria that produce lactic acid under | anaerobic conditions

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

What pathway does Heterolactic Fermentation utilize?

Answer 34

Pentose phosphate pathway Not glycoylsis

Question 35

Explain the connection between | fermentation and making bread?

Answer 35

Yeast feeds on the sugar contained with the dough, producing carbon dioxide and alcohol, in a process called fermentation. During bread making, the dough is left in a warm place. The warmth causes fermentation to take place. However if the temperature is too high, for example during the cooking process the yeast is killed. During fermentation, carbon dioxide is produced and trapped as tiny pockets of air within the dough. This causes it to rise. During baking the carbon dioxide expands and causes the bread to rise further. The alcohol produced during fermentation evaporates during the bread baking process.

Question 36

What happens to the alcohol?

Answer 36

Alcohol produced during fementation evaporates

Question 37

Why don’t we get drunk when we | eat bread?

Answer 37

IT EVAPORATES

Question 38

What do aerobic organisms use as a final e- acceptor?

Answer 38

O2