Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 251 > 1.1 History of Microbiology > Flashcards

1.1 History of Microbiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is considered acellular?

A

Viruses and prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are multicellular organisms?

A

A colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is unicellular?

A

Single celled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is spontaneous generation theory?

A

Living organisms arise directly and rapidly from non-living material. This is the concept of “vital force.”

This was purely observational without any experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Francesco Redit known for?

A

1668

Claiming that fresh air was required for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lazzaro Spallanzini?

A

1776

Heating destroys “vital force” and life requires fresh air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur?

A

1862

Disproved the spontaneous generation theory

(Look at graph on how)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was Ferdinan Cohn?

A

Discovered bacterial spores

Spores are survival structures that are resistant to heat and disinfectants

Example: Bacillus can switch between vegetative and endospore state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who was John Tyndall?

A

He boiled bacterial spores for 15 minutes for 3 consecutive days and eliminated spore contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

Cells are the fundamental units of life

All living things composes of cells

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Living things compose of one or more cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the 19th century, what did people think about the causes of disease?

A

Bad luck, voo doo shit, being poor or lazy

Lack of experimentation, only observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?

A

He discovered microorganisms and called them “animalcules”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was happening in the 18th century?

A

People knew microorganisms existed and associated them with unsanitary conditions and disease. However, they did not know if germs caused diseases or were the result of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who was Ignaz Semmelweis?

A

Physician in a Viennese maternity hospital. He noticed babies had higher mortality rates being delivered by physicians vs. midwives

He hypothesized “germs” from autopsy cadavers infected pregnant women during delivery

Basically discovered to wash hands before delivering babies and it decreased mortality significantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was Jon Snow?

A

The Father of Epidemiology

Discovered cholera outbreak in London came from contaminated water pump

Basically caused by poison in human feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who named Vibrio cholerae in 1882?

A

Robert Koch

17
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale?

A

Created the sanitation movement where hospitals should be super clean to eliminate diseases

18
Q

Who was John Lister?

A

Applied carbolic acid to surgical instruments, bandages, and wounds

Used antiseptics and medical hygiene

Saw a decline in post-op infections

19
Q

What were Koch’s Postulates?

A

Determining etiology

  1. Find evidence of particular microbe in every case of disease
  2. Isolate that microbe from an infected subject and grow it in pure culture
  3. Inoculate a susceptible healthy subject with laboratory isolate and observe the resultant disease
  4. Re-isolate the infectious agent from the test subject
20
Q

Who created the Order in the Diversity of Life?

A

Linnaeus

21
Q

How did Linnaeus organize grouping of similar species?

A

Plants
Animals
Minerals

22
Q

Who discovered Taxonomy?

A

Linnaeus

23
Q

What is monera?

A

Cells without nuclei

24
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms? What was it used for?

A
  1. Plantae
  2. Fungi
  3. Animalia
  4. Protista
  5. Monera

Used as educational tool

25
Q

What was wrong with the 5 kingdoms?

A

Does not correctly describe evolutionary relationships and is scientifically obsolete

26
Q

What was the 2nd type of prokaryote discovered in 1976?

A

Methanogen: produces methane (aka anaerobes)

27
Q

When was the origin of life on Earth marked by?

A

The origin of the first prokaryotic cell

28
Q

When did the origin of life begin?

A

3.5 bya

29
Q

How much does our intestinal microbiota weigh?

A

10 lbs

30
Q

What is our intestinal microbiota made of?

A

Anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

31
Q

Can a majority of our microbiota be cultured?

A

Nah

32
Q

What disease would prompt you to transfer poop to someone else?

A

C diff

33
Q

What is the three domain tree of life?

A

Bacteria
Arachae
Eukarya

BIO 251 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions