1.1 History of Microbiology Flashcards
What is considered acellular?
Viruses and prions
What are multicellular organisms?
A colony
What is unicellular?
Single celled
What is spontaneous generation theory?
Living organisms arise directly and rapidly from non-living material. This is the concept of “vital force.”
This was purely observational without any experimentation
What was Francesco Redit known for?
1668
Claiming that fresh air was required for life
Lazzaro Spallanzini?
1776
Heating destroys “vital force” and life requires fresh air
Who was Louis Pasteur?
1862
Disproved the spontaneous generation theory
(Look at graph on how)
Who was Ferdinan Cohn?
Discovered bacterial spores
Spores are survival structures that are resistant to heat and disinfectants
Example: Bacillus can switch between vegetative and endospore state
Who was John Tyndall?
He boiled bacterial spores for 15 minutes for 3 consecutive days and eliminated spore contamination
What is the cell theory?
Cells are the fundamental units of life
All living things composes of cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Living things compose of one or more cells
In the 19th century, what did people think about the causes of disease?
Bad luck, voo doo shit, being poor or lazy
Lack of experimentation, only observation
Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?
He discovered microorganisms and called them “animalcules”
What was happening in the 18th century?
People knew microorganisms existed and associated them with unsanitary conditions and disease. However, they did not know if germs caused diseases or were the result of diseases
Who was Ignaz Semmelweis?
Physician in a Viennese maternity hospital. He noticed babies had higher mortality rates being delivered by physicians vs. midwives
He hypothesized “germs” from autopsy cadavers infected pregnant women during delivery
Basically discovered to wash hands before delivering babies and it decreased mortality significantly
Who was Jon Snow?
The Father of Epidemiology
Discovered cholera outbreak in London came from contaminated water pump
Basically caused by poison in human feces
Who named Vibrio cholerae in 1882?
Robert Koch
Who was Florence Nightingale?
Created the sanitation movement where hospitals should be super clean to eliminate diseases
Who was John Lister?
Applied carbolic acid to surgical instruments, bandages, and wounds
Used antiseptics and medical hygiene
Saw a decline in post-op infections
What were Koch’s Postulates?
Determining etiology
- Find evidence of particular microbe in every case of disease
- Isolate that microbe from an infected subject and grow it in pure culture
- Inoculate a susceptible healthy subject with laboratory isolate and observe the resultant disease
- Re-isolate the infectious agent from the test subject
Who created the Order in the Diversity of Life?
Linnaeus
How did Linnaeus organize grouping of similar species?
Plants
Animals
Minerals
Who discovered Taxonomy?
Linnaeus
What is monera?
Cells without nuclei
What are the 5 kingdoms? What was it used for?
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Animalia
- Protista
- Monera
Used as educational tool
