22-23-Y8 History (Summer)

Question 1

1769

Answer 1

James Watts invented a more efficient steam engine, used to power factories. Richard Arkwright invented the spinning frame to produce cotton quicker.

Question 2

1796

Answer 2

Edward Jenner invented vaccinations to prevent people catching smallpox

Question 3

1837

Answer 3

The electric telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse

Question 4

1847

Answer 4

James Simpson discovered Chloroform

Question 5

1848

Answer 5

First Public Health Act - it was made optional for towns to improve public health.

Question 6

1854

Answer 6

John Snow completed the Broad Street pump experiment

Question 7

1867

Answer 7

Joseph Lister discovered that carbolic acid could be used as an antiseptic in surgery.

Question 8

1875

Answer 8

Second Public Health Act - it was made compulsory for towns to improve public health.

Question 9

1876

Answer 9

Alexander Bell invents and patents the telephone.

Question 10

1893

Answer 10

Cadbury built Bourneville as a model village for their workers.

Question 11

What was the Transatlantic slave economy?

Answer 11

The trade between Europe, West Africa and the Americas.

Question 12

Who was John Hawkins?

Answer 12

The first Englishman known to be involved in the trade in enslaved Africans starting in 1562.

Question 13

How was sugar linked to the trade in enslaved Africans?

Answer 13

Sugar was hard work to harvest, so Britain used enslaved Africans to harvest it.

Question 14

Who was Dido Elizabeth Belle?

Answer 14

The illegitimate daughter of a Navy officer. She grew up in Lord Mansfield’s household where she as accepted as his daughter.

Question 15

Who was James Emidy?

Answer 15

He was originally enslaved, but once freed became a well-known violinist and teacher.

Question 16

What was Charles Sancho?

Answer 16

He was a writer, composer, shopkeeper and abolitionist. He was the first person of African descent to vote in a British general election.

Question 17

What happened to urban migration during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 17

As more jobs were created in factories, more people left their homes in rural areas to move into growing cities such as London, Manchester, and Sheffield.

Question 18

What happened to population during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 18

In 1750 the population of Great Britain was 11 million. In 1850, this rose to 40 million with London reaching a population of 3 million.

Question 19

What happened to transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 19

In 1750 it took 12 days to get from London to Edinburgh. By 1850, after the invention of the train, the journey was reduced to 9 hours.

Question 20

What happened to living conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 20

As more people moved to the cities, living conditions became more cramped. Working Class people were living in back to back housing with 8 - 10 people sharing a room.

Question 21

What happened with work in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 21

More people began to work in factories, where conditions were brutal.

Question 22

How was pain dealt with in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 22

James Simpson discovered chloroform which was an anaesthetic that reduced pain in surgery.

Question 23

How was infection dealt with in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 23

Joseph Lister discovered that carbolic acid could reduce infections such as gangrene in surgeries.

Question 24

How was blood loss dealt with?

Answer 24

It wasn’t until 1902 that blood groups were discovered so people could still die from blood loss.

Question 25

What was public health like BEFORE the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 25

London and other cities experienced outbreaks of Cholera. 50,000 people died in 1848, people lived in back to back housing which allowed diseases to spread easily, many towns didn’t have access to clean water or sewage systems.

Question 26

What was public health like AFTER the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 26

John Snow discovered that Cholera was caused by dirty water via an experiment on Broad Street, The second Public health act was passed making it compulsory for towns to improve public health, Model towns such as Bourneville were built by businessmen like Cadbury that were cleaner and healthier.