2.2

Question 1

Retribution meaning

Answer 1

Paying back through inflicting punishment on an offender for a wrong action, not altering future behaviour

Question 2

Example of Retribution

Answer 2

• Prison/death penalty
  The bigger the crime the bigger the punishment to ensure proportionality

Question 3

Retribution linked to theory

Answer 3

Functionalists -
Punishing the offender reminds everybody right/wrong due to the consequences they received

Question 4

Retribution criticism

Answer 4

A remorseful offender is less likely to commit further crimes which show not all good comes from it e.g self-defense

Question 5

Rehabilitation meaning

Answer 5

Aims of changing offenders’ behaviour to prevent further crime when released

Question 6

Example of Rehabilitation

Answer 6

Token economy -
Gives awards out for good behaviour which reinforces the correct social norms for when prisoners are released

Question 7

Rehabilitation linked to theory

Answer 7

Left realists -
Allows opportunities for W.C to get out of poverty which will reduce offending

Question 8

Rehabilitation criticism

Answer 8

Right realists -
Believe it is only limited success and will go on to re-offend once released

Question 9

Deterrence meaning/2 different types

Answer 9

General deterrence -
Fear of punishment prevents potential offenders from committing major crimes

Individual deterrence -
Punishment towards offenders to prevent them from committing further crimes

Question 10

Example of Deterrence

Answer 10

A suspended sentence is linked to individual deterrence as imprisonment will occur if further crimes are committed which is hoped to prevent further offending

Question 11

Deterrence linked to theory

Answer 11

Right realists -
Assume offenders make the decision to commit crimes therefore must suffer from the outrage of society

Question 12

Deterrence criticism

Answer 12

Certain offenders deserve another chance to redeem themselves and shouldn’t be punished forever

Question 13

Public protection meaning

Answer 13

Protecting the public must serve through punishing offenders that are a danger to society

Question 14

Example of public protection

Answer 14

Through incapacitation, an offender is prevented from having their freedom due to being imprisoned

Question 15

Public protection linked to theory

Answer 15

Right realists believe incapacitation is a way of protecting the public from crime as it reduces crime rates

Question 16

Public protection criticism

Answer 16

Incapacitation leads to longer sentences as offenders have little hope of release

Question 17

Reparation meaning

Answer 17

Allows the offender to make amendments for the wrongdoing they had caused

Question 18

Example of Reparation

Answer 18

• Financial compensation
• Unpaid work

Question 19

Reparation linked to theory

Answer 19

Functionalists -
Allows society to function smoothly for the crime they committed

Question 20

Reparation criticism

Answer 20

May not work for all offences as rape victims may not want to face or forgive their rapist as reparation isn’t enough