2.1 Flashcards
Freud’s theory 3 personality components:
- Id = pleasure - act on urges = lead to crime/deviance
- Ego = reality - from experience wrong actions have consequences
- Superego = wrong behaviour - cause guilt = unlikely to repeat behaviour
How does Freud’s theory link to criminality about the Superego?
Superego = concerned with behaving right/wrong
- Undeveloped superego =
Less guilty acting on id’s impulses - Overdeveloped superego =
Commits crimes to release the conscience guilt which is only released if punished - Deviant superego =
Child that identifies with the same-sex parent with criminal/deviant behaviour will adopt similar morals
Control Theory 4 elements
- Attachment
- Commitment
- Involvement
- Beliefs
Control Theory ‘attachment’ meaning
Attachment toward others can prevent crime as they respect others’ norms/values more e.g relatives
Control Theory ‘commitment’ meaning
Less likely to be criminal/deviant if committed to a lifestyle = don’t want to risk losing their e.g education, job
Control Theory ‘involvement’ meaning
Involved in law-abiding activities e.g education, less time/energy people will be involved in crime
Control Theory ‘beliefs’ meaning
If socialised to obey the law less likely to commit
‘Internal’ social control meaning
Our behaviour/values of self control
‘External’ social control meaning
Agencies e.g families, education set rules for us to conform to
Containment Theory
(internal/external containment) meaning
- Internal containment = Build self-control for the temptation to commit
- External containment = Families through socialisation/discipline
Rational ideology (internal form of social control) meaning
Your conscience guides you to follow laws/rules as you will experience guilt/anxiety if you don’t
Tradition (internal form of social control) meaning
Socialised through other peoples upbringing and tradition which reinforces us to abide by the law
Internalisation of social rules (internal form of social control) meaning
When a person agrees and believes in the social norms it makes them behave accordingly as it is internalised
Agencies of social control (external form of social control)
- Police - stop & search
- CPS - charge/prosecute
- Prison service - detain/punish them for misbehaving
Coercion (external form of social control)
physical/psychological force e.g imprisonment to prevent further crime from an individual
Fear of punishment (external form of social control)
The threat of being imprisoned against your will prevents crime due to the fear of the consequence
Individual deterrence meaning
Punishment towards offenders to prevent them from committing further crimes
General deterrence meaning
Fear of punishment prevents potential offenders from committing crimes
Right Realists’ Theory of social control
Believe in deterrence as the fear of punishment e.g imprisonment allows individuals to obey the law
Feminists’ view on Control Theory
The patriarchal society makes it harder for women to offend which explains why there are lower women crime rates
Hirschi’s ‘Social Bond’ Theory
Poor socialisation from a lack of parental discipline can cause low self-control which causes delinquency (minor crimes)
