2.1

Question 1

Freud’s theory 3 personality components:

Answer 1

• Id = pleasure - act on urges = lead to crime/deviance
• Ego = reality - from experience wrong actions have consequences
• Superego = wrong behaviour - cause guilt = unlikely to repeat behaviour

Question 2

How does Freud’s theory link to criminality about the Superego?

Answer 2

Superego = concerned with behaving right/wrong

• Undeveloped superego =
  Less guilty acting on id’s impulses
• Overdeveloped superego =
  Commits crimes to release the conscience guilt which is only released if punished
• Deviant superego =
  Child that identifies with the same-sex parent with criminal/deviant behaviour will adopt similar morals

Question 3

Control Theory 4 elements

Answer 3

• Attachment
• Commitment
• Involvement
• Beliefs

Question 4

Control Theory ‘attachment’ meaning

Answer 4

Attachment toward others can prevent crime as they respect others’ norms/values more e.g relatives

Question 5

Control Theory ‘commitment’ meaning

Answer 5

Less likely to be criminal/deviant if committed to a lifestyle = don’t want to risk losing their e.g education, job

Question 6

Control Theory ‘involvement’ meaning

Answer 6

Involved in law-abiding activities e.g education, less time/energy people will be involved in crime

Question 7

Control Theory ‘beliefs’ meaning

Answer 7

If socialised to obey the law less likely to commit

Question 8

‘Internal’ social control meaning

Answer 8

Our behaviour/values of self control

Question 9

‘External’ social control meaning

Answer 9

Agencies e.g families, education set rules for us to conform to

Question 10

Containment Theory
(internal/external containment) meaning

Answer 10

• Internal containment = Build self-control for the temptation to commit
• External containment = Families through socialisation/discipline

Question 11

Rational ideology (internal form of social control) meaning

Answer 11

Your conscience guides you to follow laws/rules as you will experience guilt/anxiety if you don’t

Question 12

Tradition (internal form of social control) meaning

Answer 12

Socialised through other peoples upbringing and tradition which reinforces us to abide by the law

Question 13

Internalisation of social rules (internal form of social control) meaning

Answer 13

When a person agrees and believes in the social norms it makes them behave accordingly as it is internalised

Question 14

Agencies of social control (external form of social control)

Answer 14

• Police - stop & search
• CPS - charge/prosecute
• Prison service - detain/punish them for misbehaving

Question 15

Coercion (external form of social control)

Answer 15

physical/psychological force e.g imprisonment to prevent further crime from an individual

Question 16

Fear of punishment (external form of social control)

Answer 16

The threat of being imprisoned against your will prevents crime due to the fear of the consequence

Question 17

Individual deterrence meaning

Answer 17

Punishment towards offenders to prevent them from committing further crimes

Question 18

General deterrence meaning

Answer 18

Fear of punishment prevents potential offenders from committing crimes

Question 19

Right Realists’ Theory of social control

Answer 19

Believe in deterrence as the fear of punishment e.g imprisonment allows individuals to obey the law

Question 20

Feminists’ view on Control Theory

Answer 20

The patriarchal society makes it harder for women to offend which explains why there are lower women crime rates

Question 21

Hirschi’s ‘Social Bond’ Theory

Answer 21

Poor socialisation from a lack of parental discipline can cause low self-control which causes delinquency (minor crimes)