2.1.4 Cell Structure - (Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells)

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

a single celled organism without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 2

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 2

an organism made up of cells containing a nucleus

Question 3

What are organelles?

Answer 3

They are small structures within cells, each of which carries out a specific function

Question 4

What is the ultrastructure?

Answer 4

Structures within the cell that can be seen through an election microscope

Question 5

Structure of animal and plant cells

Answer 5

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Question 6

What do plant cells have that animals cell?

Answer 6

> A cell wall with plasmodesmata
A vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 7

what are the features of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

extremely small
circular DNA
no nucleus
cell wall made up of a polysaccharide
no membrane bound organelles
small ribosomes
flagella made of flagellin

Question 8

What are the features of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 8

larger cells
linear DNA
nucleus present
cellulose cell wall in plants
chitin cell wall in fungi
larger ribosomes
flagella made of microtubules

Question 9

similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 9

> both have a plasma membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes for assembling amino acids into proteins
DNA & RNA

Question 10

how do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

> much smaller
no nucleus
have a much less developed cytoskeleton with no centrioles

Question 11

Compare organelles in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

few organelles - no membrane bound in prokaryotic cells and many organelles in eukaryotic cells

Question 12

what do some prokaryotic e.g. bacteria have

Answer 12

> a portective waxy capsule surrounding their cell wall
small loops of DNA called plasmid
Flagella (tail which allows bacteria to move)
pili - small hair like structures

Question 13

Structure of bacterial cell

Answer 13

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