2.1.3 Cell Structure - (Organelles working together)

Question 1

Explain the roles of organelles in protein production?

Answer 1

> mRNA leaves the nucleus and either travels to the ribosomes attached to the RER or floating free in the cytoplasm.
ribosomes on the RER produces proteins which are processed and then packaged into vesicles to the golgi.
the golgi modifies the proteins which are then packaged into vesicles
these vesicles then fuse with the plasma membrane and via, exocytosis, empty their contents outside the cell.

Question 2

What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 2

Its surrounded by the cytoplasm, which has got networks of protein threads running through i. These protein threads are called the cytoskeleton.

In eukaryotic cells the protein threads are arranged as microfilaments and microtubules.

Question 3

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 3

> microtubules and microfilaments support the cells organelles, keeping them in positions
also help to strengthen the cell and maintain its shape.
responsible for the transport of organelles and materials within the cell
the proteins of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move.

Question 4

What does the movement of chromosomes when they separate during cell division depend on?

Answer 4

They depend on contraction of microtubules in the spindle

Question 5

What does the movement of vesicles around the cell rely on?

Answer 5

Cytoskeletal proteins

Question 6

What is the movement of cilia and flagella caused by?

Answer 6

It is caused by the cytoskeletal protein filaments that run through them so in this case of single cells that have a flagellum (e.g. sperm cells), the cytoskeleton propels the whole cell.