2.1.4 Acids

Question 1

What are the formulae of common acids?

Answer 1

HCl = hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
HNO3 = nitric acid
CH3COOH = ethanoic acid

Question 2

What are the formulae of common alkalis?

Answer 2

NaOH = sodium hydroxide
KOH = potassium hydroxide
NH3 = ammonia

Question 3

What is an acid? (Arrhenius theory)

Answer 3

A substance that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution

Question 4

What is an alkali? (Arrhenius theory)

Answer 4

A substance that releases OH- ions in aqueous solution
- A soluble base

Question 5

What is a strong acid?

Answer 5

A strong acid will fully dissociate in aqueous solution
e.g. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3

Question 6

What is a weak acid?

Answer 6

A weak acid will partially dissociate in aqueous solution
- Equilibrium lies to the right so backwards reaction is favoured
E.g. carboxylic acids

Question 7

What does monoprotic mean?

Answer 7

1mol of acid produces 1mol of H+ ions

Question 8

What are acids? (Bronsted-Lowry theory)

Answer 8

Proton donors

Question 9

What are alkalis? (Bronsted-Lowry theory)

Answer 9

Proton acceptors

Question 10

What are conjugate acid pairs?

Answer 10

They differ by one proton (H+)

Question 11

What is neutralisation?

Answer 11

• The reaction between the H+ ions from acids and the OH- ions from alkalis
• Forms water which is neutral
• H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) -> H2O (l)

Question 12

What are salts?

Answer 12

• Produced when acids and bases react
• Neutral
• Made from the metal from the base and the non-metal from the acid

Question 13

What does ammonia react with acids to form?

Answer 13

Ammonium salts

Question 14

What do metals react with acids to form?

Answer 14

Salt + hydrogen

Question 15

What do metal oxides react with acids to form?

Answer 15

Salt + water

Question 16

What do metal hydroxides react with acids to form?

Answer 16

Salt + water

Question 17

What do metal carbonates react with acids to form?

Answer 17

Salt + carbon dioxide + water