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A-level Biology > 21.3 In vitro gene cloning - the polymerase chain reaction > Flashcards

21.3 In vitro gene cloning - the polymerase chain reaction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards

A-level Biology (64 decks)

11.1 Overview of photosynthesis

11.2 The light-dependent reaction

11.3 The light-independent reaction

12.1 Glycolysis

12.2 Link reaction and Krebs cycle

12.3 Oxidative phosphorylation

12.4 Anaerobic respiration

13.1 Food chains and energy transfer

13.2 Energy transfer and productivity

13.3 Nutrient cycles

13.4 Use of natural and artificial fertilisers

13.5 Environmental issues concerning use of nitrogen-containing fertilisers

14.1 Survival and response

14.2 Plant growth factors

14.3 A reflex arc

14.5 Control of heart rate

15.1 Neurones and nervous coordination

15.2 The nerve impulse

15.3 Passage of an action potential

15.4 Speed of the nerve impulse

15.5 Structure and function of synapses

15.6 Transmission across a synapse

15.7 Structure of skeletal muscle

15.8 Contraction of skeletal muscle

16.1 Principles of homeostasis

16.2 Feedback mechanisms

16.3 Hormones and the regulation of blood glucose concentration

16.4 Diabetes and its control

16.5 Control of blood water potential - structure of the nephron

16.6 Role of the nephron in osmoregulation

16.7 The role of hormones in osmoregulation

17.1 Studying inheritance

17.2 Monohybrid inheritance

17.3 Probability and genetic crosses

17.4 Dihybrid inheritance

17.5 Codominance and multiple alleles

17.6 Sex-linkage

17.7 Autosomal linkage

17.9 The chi-squared (x^2) test

18.1 Population genetics

18.2 Variations in phenotypes

18.3 Natural selection

18.4 Effects of different forums of selection on evolution

18.5 Isolation and speciation

19.1 Populations in ecosystems

19.2 Variation in population size

19.3 Competition

19.5 Investigating populations

19.6 Succession

19.7 Conservation of habitats

20.1 Gene mutations

20.2 Stem cells and totipotency

20.3 Regulation of transcription and translation

20.4 Epigenetic control of gene expression

20.5 Gene expression and cancer

20.6 Genome projects

21.1 Producing DNA fragments

21.2 In vivo gene cloning - the use of vectors

21.3 In vitro gene cloning - the polymerase chain reaction

21.4 Locating genes, genetic screening and counselling

21.5 Genetic fingerprinting

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