2110 Drugs Flashcards
Learn the dose and what it does to the body
Activated charcoal
Brand names
Drug class
Brand names: EZ char, Actidose, Liqui-char
Drug class: Adsorbent
Activated charcoal
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: oral poisonings and medication overdose. Usually within 1 hour of ingestion, best used after poisons have been evacuated from the stomach.
Contraindications: altered level of consciousness (aspiration risk) ingestion of corrosive, caustic, or petroleum products. Abdominal pain (caution)
Activated charcoal
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: binds (adsorbs) toxic substances and prevents them from being absorbed by the GI tract
Adverse effects: aspiration can cause fatal pneumonitis, can also cause black stools, diarrhea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction
Activated charcoal
Precautions
Dose & Administration
Precautions: caution with simultaneous administration with other drugs. Caution in suspected bowel obstruction
Dose & Administration: 1 to 2 grams/kg p.o. (or NG tube) for adults and pediatrics
Dextrose
Brand name
Drug class
Brand names: D50
Drug class: carbohydrate, antihypoglycemic
Dextrose
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: hypoglycemia, altered level of consciousness, coma of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, status epilepticus.
Contraindications: Intracranial hemorrhage (traumatic or stroke) hyperglycemia
Dextrose
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: rapidly increases serum of glucose levels, short-term osmotic diuresis
Adverse effects: extravasation leads to tissue necrosis, pain and burning from iv infusion, hyperglycemia
Dextrose
Precautions
Dosage & Administration
Precautions: hypertonic solution will cause tissue necrosis if infiltration of the iv occurs
Dosage & Administration: adult 12.5 - 25 grams of 50% solution SIVP. May be repeated as necessary. Pediatrics 1 year or older 0.5 - 1 grams/kg of a 25% solution SIVP. may be repeated as necessary.
Epinephrine
Brand name
Drug class
Brand name: Adrenalin
Drug class: sympathomimetic
Epinephrine
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: cardiac arrest, symptomatic bradycardia refractory to atropine and pacing, severe hypotension secondary to bradycardia and pacing, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, asthma.
Contraindications: Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock.
Epinephrine
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: alpha and beta agonist (some alpha more beta) beta 1= + inotropic (strength) chronotropic (rate) dromotropic (conduction speed) beta 2= bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
Adverse effects: nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, N/V, anxiety
Epinephrine
Precautions
Dose & Administration
Precautions: inactived by exposure to the sunlight and alkaline solutions. MAOI’s may potentiate effects. Beta blockers will blunt effects.
Dose & Administration: allergic reaction & asthma 0.3 - 0.5mg IM/SC 1:1,000. Cardiac arrest adult 1mg 1:10,000 IV/IO q 3 -5 minutes. Bradycardia 2 - 10 micrograms/minute infusion. Pediatric allergic reaction 0.01 mg/kg of a 1:1,000 IM/SC with max of 0.3mg. Pediatric cardiac arrest 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 q 3 - 5 minutes max single dose of 1mg
Glucagon
Brand name
Drug class
Brand name: glucagen
Drug class: hormone
Glucagon
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: altered LOC with hypoglycemia, reversal agent in beta blockers and calcium channel blocker overdose.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hyperglycemia
Glucagon
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenesis. Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose. Decrease gastric motility and secretions.
Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rebound hypoglycemia.
Glucagon
Precautions
Dose & Administration
Precautions: not effective if patient does not have any stored glycogen
Dose & administration: 50 micrograms/kg loading dose 3-10mg per hour.
Naloxone
Brand name
Drug class
Brand name: narcan
Drug class: opioid antagonists, antidote
Naloxone
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: opiate overdose, complete or partial reversal of central nervous system and respiratory depression induced by opioids, decreased level of consciousness, coma of unknown origin.
Contraindications: Use in caution in narcotic-dependent patients, use with caution in neonates of narcotic-dependent mothers.
Naloxone
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor sites. Reverse respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs. Completely inhibits the effects of morphine.
Adverse effects: restlessness, seizures, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, NV, withdrawal symptoms in opioid-addicted parents, diaphoresis.
Naloxone
Precautions
Dose & Administration
Precautions: incompatible with alkaline solutions, acute withdrawal symptoms may result in a combative patient.
Dose & Administration: adult dose 0.4 - 2mg SIVP/IM/IO/SQ/ET/IN. Repeat at 5 minutes intervals to a max dose of 10mg. Pediatrics dose 0.1mg/kg IV/IO/IM/SQ every 2 minutes as needed. Max dose of 2mg
Insulin
Brand name
Drug class
Brand names: humalog, humalin, novalog, novalin, lantus.
Drug class: hormone, antidiabetic
Insulin
Indications
Contraindications
Indications: not in use in emergency pre-hospital setting. Diabetic ketoacidosis or other hyperglycemic state, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, hyperkalemia (insulin and d50 used together to lower hyperkalemic state)
Contraindications: Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia
Insulin
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action: allows for glucose transport into the cells, glycogenesis and conversion of glycogen to fat. Produces an intracellular shift of k+, mg+ an ca+
Adverse effects: weakness, fatigue, confusion, headache, seizure, tachycardia, nausea, hypothermia, hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Alcohol and salicyates may potentate the effects of insulin
Insulin
Precautions
Dose & Administration
Precautions: incompatible in solution with any other drugs ETOH and salicylates may be potentiate effects of insulin
Dose & Administration: dose adjusted relative to blood glucose levels. Standard dose for adult 10 - 25 units SC/IM followed by infusion of 0.1 units/kg/h. Pediatric dose 0.1 - 0.2 units/kg/h SC/IM/IV
