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Paramedic Drugs > 2110 Drugs > Flashcards

2110 Drugs Flashcards

Learn the dose and what it does to the body

1
Q

Activated charcoal

Brand names

Drug class

A

Brand names: EZ char, Actidose, Liqui-char

Drug class: Adsorbent

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2
Q

Activated charcoal

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: oral poisonings and medication overdose. Usually within 1 hour of ingestion, best used after poisons have been evacuated from the stomach.

Contraindications: altered level of consciousness (aspiration risk) ingestion of corrosive, caustic, or petroleum products. Abdominal pain (caution)

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3
Q

Activated charcoal

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: binds (adsorbs) toxic substances and prevents them from being absorbed by the GI tract

Adverse effects: aspiration can cause fatal pneumonitis, can also cause black stools, diarrhea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction

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4
Q

Activated charcoal

Precautions

Dose & Administration

A

Precautions: caution with simultaneous administration with other drugs. Caution in suspected bowel obstruction

Dose & Administration: 1 to 2 grams/kg p.o. (or NG tube) for adults and pediatrics

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5
Q

Dextrose

Brand name

Drug class

A

Brand names: D50

Drug class: carbohydrate, antihypoglycemic

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6
Q

Dextrose

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: hypoglycemia, altered level of consciousness, coma of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, status epilepticus.

Contraindications: Intracranial hemorrhage (traumatic or stroke) hyperglycemia

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7
Q

Dextrose

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: rapidly increases serum of glucose levels, short-term osmotic diuresis

Adverse effects: extravasation leads to tissue necrosis, pain and burning from iv infusion, hyperglycemia

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8
Q

Dextrose

Precautions

Dosage & Administration

A

Precautions: hypertonic solution will cause tissue necrosis if infiltration of the iv occurs

Dosage & Administration: adult 12.5 - 25 grams of 50% solution SIVP. May be repeated as necessary. Pediatrics 1 year or older 0.5 - 1 grams/kg of a 25% solution SIVP. may be repeated as necessary.

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9
Q

Epinephrine

Brand name

Drug class

A

Brand name: Adrenalin

Drug class: sympathomimetic

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10
Q

Epinephrine

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: cardiac arrest, symptomatic bradycardia refractory to atropine and pacing, severe hypotension secondary to bradycardia and pacing, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, asthma.

Contraindications: Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock.

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11
Q

Epinephrine

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: alpha and beta agonist (some alpha more beta) beta 1= + inotropic (strength) chronotropic (rate) dromotropic (conduction speed) beta 2= bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

Adverse effects: nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor, pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, N/V, anxiety

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12
Q

Epinephrine

Precautions

Dose & Administration

A

Precautions: inactived by exposure to the sunlight and alkaline solutions. MAOI’s may potentiate effects. Beta blockers will blunt effects.

Dose & Administration: allergic reaction & asthma 0.3 - 0.5mg IM/SC 1:1,000. Cardiac arrest adult 1mg 1:10,000 IV/IO q 3 -5 minutes. Bradycardia 2 - 10 micrograms/minute infusion. Pediatric allergic reaction 0.01 mg/kg of a 1:1,000 IM/SC with max of 0.3mg. Pediatric cardiac arrest 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 q 3 - 5 minutes max single dose of 1mg

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13
Q

Glucagon

Brand name

Drug class

A

Brand name: glucagen

Drug class: hormone

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14
Q

Glucagon

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: altered LOC with hypoglycemia, reversal agent in beta blockers and calcium channel blocker overdose.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hyperglycemia

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15
Q

Glucagon

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenesis. Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose. Decrease gastric motility and secretions.

Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, rebound hypoglycemia.

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16
Q

Glucagon

Precautions

Dose & Administration

A

Precautions: not effective if patient does not have any stored glycogen

Dose & administration: 50 micrograms/kg loading dose 3-10mg per hour.

17
Q

Naloxone

Brand name

Drug class

A

Brand name: narcan

Drug class: opioid antagonists, antidote

18
Q

Naloxone

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: opiate overdose, complete or partial reversal of central nervous system and respiratory depression induced by opioids, decreased level of consciousness, coma of unknown origin.

Contraindications: Use in caution in narcotic-dependent patients, use with caution in neonates of narcotic-dependent mothers.

19
Q

Naloxone

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor sites. Reverse respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs. Completely inhibits the effects of morphine.

Adverse effects: restlessness, seizures, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, NV, withdrawal symptoms in opioid-addicted parents, diaphoresis.

20
Q

Naloxone

Precautions

Dose & Administration

A

Precautions: incompatible with alkaline solutions, acute withdrawal symptoms may result in a combative patient.

Dose & Administration: adult dose 0.4 - 2mg SIVP/IM/IO/SQ/ET/IN. Repeat at 5 minutes intervals to a max dose of 10mg. Pediatrics dose 0.1mg/kg IV/IO/IM/SQ every 2 minutes as needed. Max dose of 2mg

21
Q

Insulin

Brand name

Drug class

A

Brand names: humalog, humalin, novalog, novalin, lantus.

Drug class: hormone, antidiabetic

22
Q

Insulin

Indications

Contraindications

A

Indications: not in use in emergency pre-hospital setting. Diabetic ketoacidosis or other hyperglycemic state, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, hyperkalemia (insulin and d50 used together to lower hyperkalemic state)

Contraindications: Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

23
Q

Insulin

Mechanism of action

Adverse effects

A

Mechanism of action: allows for glucose transport into the cells, glycogenesis and conversion of glycogen to fat. Produces an intracellular shift of k+, mg+ an ca+

Adverse effects: weakness, fatigue, confusion, headache, seizure, tachycardia, nausea, hypothermia, hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Alcohol and salicyates may potentate the effects of insulin

24
Q

Insulin

Precautions

Dose & Administration

A

Precautions: incompatible in solution with any other drugs ETOH and salicylates may be potentiate effects of insulin

Dose & Administration: dose adjusted relative to blood glucose levels. Standard dose for adult 10 - 25 units SC/IM followed by infusion of 0.1 units/kg/h. Pediatric dose 0.1 - 0.2 units/kg/h SC/IM/IV

Paramedic Drugs (3 decks)

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