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Paramedic Drugs > 2110 Drugs #2 > Flashcards

2110 Drugs #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Clopidogrel

Brand name

A

Brand name: plavix

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2
Q

Clopidogrel

Drug class

A

Drug class: thienopyridine antiplatelet

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3
Q

Clopidogrel

Indications

A

Indications: ST elevation MI (STEMI), moderate to high risk non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), acute coronary syndrome, substitute for aspirin in patients unable to take aspirin

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4
Q

Clopidogrel

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking activation of the glycoprotein llb/llla complex

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5
Q

Clopidogrel

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: active GI bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, known hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Clopidogrel

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: severe neutropenia, thromobic thromobocytopenic purpura (TTP), GI hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome, rash, flulike symptoms

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7
Q

Clopidogrel

Precautions

A

Precautions: nexium and prilosec (proton pump inhibitors) may inhibit the effects of plavix

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8
Q

Clopidogrel

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult loading dose 300-600mg PO. Pedi not recommended

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9
Q

Aspirin

Brand name

A

Brand name: ASA, Bayer, ecotrin, st. Joseph

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10
Q

Aspirin

Drug class

A

Drug class: anti-platelet medication

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11
Q

Aspirin

Indications

A

Indications: onset of chest pain suggestive to myocardial infarction

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12
Q

Aspirin

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: noncompetitive platelet antagonists. Prevents release of thromboxane A2 granules from activated platelets, reducing their ability to activate further platelets. This reduces platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Aspirin

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity (never give), relative contraindication in active ulcer, disease and asthma (consider the risk)

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14
Q

Aspirin

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: bronchospasm, prolonged bleeding, GI bleeding, epigastric distress, N/V, heartburn, Reye syndrome ( brain swelling in kids)

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15
Q

Aspirin

Precautions

A

Precautions: caution in patients allergic to other NSAID’S acidic properties may damage stomach lining

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16
Q

Aspirin

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: 160 to 325mg p.o. chewing preferred for faster absorption. Pediatric not recommended

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17
Q

Thiamine

Brand name

A

Brand name: betaxin

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18
Q

Thiamine

Drug class

A

Drug class: vitamin b

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19
Q

Thiamine

Indications

A

Indications: coma of unknown origin (given with dextrose), delirium tremens, beriberi, wernicke encephalopathy

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20
Q

Thiamine

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate coenzyme, which is a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency

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21
Q

Thiamine

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: none

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22
Q

Thiamine

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: anxiety, dyspnea, respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, nausea and vomiting

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23
Q

Thiamine

Precautions

A

Precautions: dilute prior to delivery (pain at iv site) should always be given with glucose

24
Q

Thiamine

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult 100mg slow iv or Im pediatrics 10-25 mg slow iv or Im

25
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Brand name

A

Brand name: cyanokit

26
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Drug class

A

Drug class: antidote

27
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Indications

A

Indications: treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning

28
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: binds to cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin ( vitamin b12), preventing it’s toxic effects; excreted renally

29
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: none in the emergency setting

30
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: Hypertension, allergic reactions, GI bleeding, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, injection site reaction

31
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Precautions

A

Precautions: not compatible in the same iv line with many other medication

32
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult 5 grams iv infusion over 15 minutes at a rate of 15ml/min. May repeat x1 at the same dose to a maximum of 10 grams. Pediatrics 70mg/kg iv. May be repeated one time at the same dose.

33
Q

Atropine sulfate

Brand name

A

Brand name: atropine sulfate

34
Q

Atropine sulfate

Drug class

A

Drug class: anticholinergic

35
Q

Atropine sulfate

Indications

A

Indications: severe bradycardia, organophosphate poisonings, nerve agent exposure, RSI in pediatrics, beta blocker, and calcium channel blocker overdose.

36
Q

Atropine sulfate

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector site. Allows sympathetic control to increase heart rate.

37
Q

Atropine sulfate

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: tachycardia, hypothermic bradycardia unstable cardiovascular status with bleeding & myocardial ischemia, narrow angle glaucoma

38
Q

Atropine sulfate

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: drowsiness, confusion, headache, tachycardia palpitations, N/V, pupil dilation, dry mouth, blurred vision, flushed dry hot skin, paradoxical bradycardia when given at low doses

39
Q

Atropine sulfate

Precautions

A

Precautions: effects are enhanced by antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine, antipsychotic, benzodiazepines and antidepressants

40
Q

Atropine sulfate

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult bradycardia 0.5mg iv every 3-5 minutes as needed not to exceed total dose of 0.04mg/kg (maximum of 3mg total) pediatrics bradycardia 0.02mg/kg iv/io (minimum dose of 0.1mg)

41
Q

Morphine

Brand name

A

Brand name: roxanol, M.S. contin

42
Q

Morphine

Drug class

A

Drug class: opioid analgesic (schedule ll narcotic)

43
Q

Morphine

Indications

A

Indications: severe CHF, acute pulmonary edema, chest pain associated with acute MI, analgesia for moderate to severe acute and chronic pain

44
Q

Morphine

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: alleviates pain through CNS action, suppresses fear and anxiety centers in the brain, depresses brainstem respiratory centers, increases peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return, decreases preload and afterload, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand

45
Q

Morphine

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: head injury, exacerbated COPD, depressed respiratory drive, hypotension, undiagnosed abdominal pain, decreased LOC, suspected hypovolemia, patients who have taken MAOIs within 14 days

46
Q

Morphine

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: confusion, sedation, headache, CNS depression, respiratory depression, apnea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, tachycardia, NV, dry mouth

47
Q

Morphine

Precautions

A

Precautions: potentiates sedation effects of phenothiazine’s (promethazine) CNS depressants may potentate effects, MAOI’S may cause paradoxical excitation

48
Q

Morphine

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult STEMI 2-4mg SIVP repeat dose 2-8mg at 15 minutes intervals. Pain control (medical direction) pediatrics 0.1-0.2mg/kg iv/io/im/SC with max dose of 5mg

49
Q

Nitroglycerin

Brand name

A

Brand name: nitro- stat, nitro-bid, tridil

50
Q

Nitroglycerin

Drug class

A

Drug class: vasodilator

51
Q

Nitroglycerin

Indications

A

Indications: acute angina pectoris, ischemic chest pain, hypertension, CHF, pulmonary edema

52
Q

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: smooth muscle relaxant acting on vasculature, uterine, intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and viens in the periphery. Reduce preload and afterload, decreasing workload of the heart and thereby myocardial oxygen demand

53
Q

Nitroglycerin

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: hypotension, hypovolemia, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pericardial tamponade, severe bradycardia or tachycardia, RV infarction, previous administration in the last 24 hours: tadalafil (cialis) (48 hours), vardenafil (levitra), sildenafil (Viagra)

54
Q

Nitroglycerin

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: headache, dizziness, weakness, reflex tachycardia, syncope, hypotension, NV, dry mouth, muscle twitching, diaphoresis.

55
Q

Nitroglycerin

Precautions

A

Precautions: not to be given if the patient has had any ED medication in the last 48 hours. Cialis (tadalafil) levitra (vardenafil) Viagra (sildenafil)

56
Q

Nitroglycerin

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult 0.4mg sl repeat in 5 minutes to a maximum of 3 doses. IV infusion 10mcg/min increase by 10mcg/min every 3-5 minutes until desired effect with a maximum dose of 200mcg/min. Pediatrics not recommended

Paramedic Drugs (3 decks)

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