2.10 - Guinea's Recession Flashcards
What are swell waves
Swells are collections of waves produced by storm winds raging hundreds of miles out to sea
What is Mangrove deforestation? Why does it occur ?
clearing of mangrove forests, usually for commercial uses or resources extraction
What is the point of sand mining?
Sand mining is the extraction of sand, mainly through an open pit but sometimes mined from beaches and inland dunes or dredged from ocean and river beds. Sand is often used in manufacturing, for example as an abrasive or in concrete.
What is Offshore dredging ?
Offshore dredging –
▪ removing sediment materials for construction / deepening ports / supply beach
nourishment.
NW Guinea sea levels has risen how much since 1950?
10cm
What are the ways governments can end up doing bad coastal management ?
Bad management – don’t really do beach nourishment, and sea walls are too expensive ($90m /
10km of wall)
Why is Bight of Benin, off the coast of Guinea, an area that is particularly affected by erosion?
The Bight of Benin, off the coast of Guinea, is an area particularly affected by erosion resulting from the construction of jetties and large harbours with breakwaters extending into the sea,
dredging activities, and the extraction of sand for construction (Wellens- Mensah 1994).
What are the physical factors that affect coastal recession?
Physical factors affect coastal recession
▪ Coastal recession is to do with geology, marine processes, subaerial processes.
▪ Weakly consolidated rocks don’t help
▪ Large destructive waves make it worse
▪Submergent coastlines
▪ Mass movement
▪ Weathering
▪ Destructive waves
What human processes can effect coastal recession?
Human processes
▪ Coastal defences stop the supply of sediment, so no beaches to protect the cliff
▪ Waves hit backshore with more force
Why is NW Guinea coast receding?
- Rising sea-levels – 10cm since 1950, 1m by 2100
- Swell waves (Stormy months of august and October – wave heights upto 3m)
• Loss of mangrove forests – e.g. Kabrousse – because mangroves being harvested as fuel wood to smoke fish / household needs - Additionally, lots of rainfall
- Intensive sand-mining in the mangroves and rivers, stops material getting into the sea.
• Gold and diamond mining along rivers, means gravel is extracted from rivers each day, but not
necessarily returned, e.g. used for building local mud houses – so material doesn’t
• Sand is removed from coastline for construction
Because of NW Guinea coastal recession what were the consequences? Ex resorts swept away
Tourist resorts swept away
o Saltwater intrusions destroying the habitats of marine tutles / African manatee
o Beach dunes reduced
o Natural vegetation (mangroves) removed or dislodged
When is the stormy monsoon season?
Stormy monsoon months (Aug-Oct)
