2.1 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of waves

A

Longitudinal
Transverse

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2
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

Vibration of the particles/medium is parallel to the direction of energy flow
E.g. sound

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3
Q

Transverse wave

A

Vibration of the particles/medium is perpendicular to the direction of energy flow
E.g. water waves

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4
Q

Travelling/progressive wave

A

Wave which transfers energy away from the source in the medium without transferring the medium itself

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5
Q

Frequency

A

Number of vibrations/oscillations per second
Hz

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6
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between 2 successive points on a wave that are in phase
Unit: m

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7
Q

Period

A

Time for one complete oscillation
Unit: s

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position
Unit: m

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9
Q

In phase

A

When peaks line up with peaks and troughs line up with troughs

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10
Q

What is the term used when peaks line up with phase?

A

Waves are completely out of phase

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11
Q

Phase difference of 2 waves

A

Distance between peak of one wave and the peak of another wave

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12
Q

Formula to work out phase difference

A

Difference/1 cycle

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13
Q

Polarisation

A

Name given to process of confining a transverse wave to vibrations that are in one plane

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14
Q

Unpolarised light

A

Vibrations in all possible directions perpendicular to the direction of transfer of energy

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15
Q

Polarised light

A

Light which has oscillations in one plane only

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16
Q

Why can longitudinal waves not be polarised?

A

No plane of vibration so they can’t be polarised

17
Q

Properties of all electromagnetic waves

A

Can travel in a vacuum
Travel at the same speed in a vacuum - speed of light
Transverse waves
Can be refracted, reflected, polarised and detracted

18
Q

Defracted

A

Ability to bend around a corner

19
Q

Typical frequency of gamma rays

A

> 3x10 19

20
Q

Typical frequency of x-rays

A

3x10 16 - 3x10 19

21
Q

Typical frequency of ultra violet

A

7.5x10 14 - 3x10 16

22
Q

Typical frequency for visible light

A

4x10 14 - 7.5x10 14

23
Q

Typical frequency for infra-red radiation

A

3x10 11 - 4x10 14

24
Q

Typical frequency for microwaves

A

3x10 9 - 3x10 11

25
Q

Typical frequency for radio waves

A

<3x10 9

26
Q

Order of waves in electromagnetic spectrum from low frequency, long wavelength to high frequency, short wavelength

A

radio waves
microwaves
infra-red
visible light
ultra-violet
x-rays
gamma rays

27
Q

Order of waves in electromagnetic spectrum from high frequency, short wavelength to low frequency, long wavelength

A

gamma rays
x-rays
ultra-violet
visible light
infra-red
microwaves
radio waves

28
Q

Typical wavelength of gamma rays

A

> 1x10 -11

29
Q

Typical wavelength of x-rays

A

1x10 -8 - 1x10 -11

30
Q

Typical wavelength of ultra violet

A

4x10 -7 - 1x10 -8

31
Q

Typical wavelength of visible light

A

7.7x10 -7 - 4x10 -7

32
Q

Typical wavelength of infrared radiation

A

1x10 -3 - 7.5x10 -7

33
Q

Typical wavelength of microwaves

A

0.1 - 1x10 -3

34
Q

Typical wavelength of radiowaves

A

<0.1

35
Q

In nanometres, what is the typical wavelength of visible light?

A

400-700 nm

36
Q

What is the wavelength of red light in nanometres?

A

700

37
Q

What is the wavelength of violet light in nanometres?

A

400