2.1 The First Revolution and its Impact 1903-14 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Russo-Japanese happen?

A

1904-1905

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2
Q

What was exposed in the Russo-Japanese war? How did the defeat impact the image of the tsarist regime and of Russia?

A
  • Exposed Russian military and administrative weakness
  • Russia’s defeat damaged national pride and highlighted the incompetence of the tsarist regime
  • Losing to a country such as Japan (considered less advanced at the time) was very humiliating
  • People were starting to wonder why they were suffering for a Tsar who couldn’t keep their country safe
  • Russia lost credibility and legitimacy and no longer had the trust of its people
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3
Q

How did the Russo-Japanese war affect the people, the military and the economy?

A
  • Exacerbated economic and social unrest due to increased taxation and resource shortages
  • Railway usage redirected to war efforts (unemployment, famine…)
  • Food shortages, inflation, unemployment, stop in economy
  • Military discontent (harsh conditions and poor treatment from superiors), which resulted in the Potemkin Mutiny in the 1905 Revolution
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4
Q

When was Bloody Sunday? (full date)

A

January 9, 1905

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5
Q

What was Bloody Sunday? (who led it? what was the point of it?)

A

It was a peaceful protest led by Father Gapon, Winter Palace at Saint Petersburg. It was meant to present a petition for reforms. It was families asking for better living conditions.

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6
Q

What happened during Bloody Sunday? What did Bloody Sunday lead to?

A

Tsar’s troops fired on protesters, killing many. The Tsar was seen as a culprit. It sparked widespread strikes, protests, and uprisings all across Russia. Tsar knew of the suffering but did not care enough to instill change. A chain of uprisings is part of the 1905 Revolution.

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7
Q

How did Father Grapon fight for the conditions of the workers?

A

Father Grapon fought for the conditions of the workers. He preached about it. He set up worker tea rooms. He helped organize the Putilov strike.

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8
Q

What were the economic and social grievances?

A
  • Peasants faced land hunger, high taxes, and poverty.
  • Industrial workers endured poor working conditions, low wages, and lack of rights.
  • National minorities faced repression, Russification policies and lack of autonomy.
  • Long-standing social, economic, and political issues failing to be addressed
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9
Q

Elaborate on political discontent.

A
  • Intellectuals and liberals demanded political reforms, including a constitutional government
  • Socialists (Mensheviks and Bolsheviks) sought revolutionary change
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10
Q

What was the role of Revolutionary bodies?

A

St Petersburg Soviet (formed in October 1905) coordinated worker strikes and protests.

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11
Q

What was the short-term impact of the 1905 Revolution?

A
  • Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto, granting civil liberties and creating Duma.
  • Widespread discontent and uprisings were violently suppressed
  • The Tsar retained autocratic control through repression and military force
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12
Q

What was the long-term impact of the 1905 Revolution?

A
  • Division within opposition groups weakened revolutionary momentum
  • Political discontent persisted, leading to further instability
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