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Nervous System and Integument > 2.1 Spinal Cord: Sensory (ascending) Pathways > Flashcards

2.1 Spinal Cord: Sensory (ascending) Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What does the sensory system use for sensing the environment

A

1) External- exteroreceptors
2) Internal- interoreceptors
3) Spatial orientation- proprioceptors

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2
Q

List external- exteroreceptors:

A
  • Touch
    * Pain
  • Thermal
  • Vision
  • audition
  • olfaction
  • gustation
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3
Q

List internal- interoreceptors:

A
  • Visceral
  • Stretch
  • pH
    *CO2
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4
Q

List Spatial orientation: proprioceptors & where they’re found on the body:

A

• Location: head, body, vestibular apparatus
• tactile/pressure receptors
• joints, muscle spindles (stretch)
• golgi tendon organs
• ear (hair cells)

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5
Q

Where do proprioceptors​ feed into the brain?

A
  • somatic sensory regions
  • cerebellum (unconscious​ propreoception)
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6
Q

General Somatic Sensation (GSS) aka Afferent (GSA): Types

A
  • Modality
  • Dendritic zone
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7
Q

Modality =

A

what part of the environment is being sensed?

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8
Q

Dendritic zone =

A

on or near the surface of the body
• Pain
• Temperature
• Touch
• Pressure
• Kinaesthesia, sense of motion,
• conscious proprioception

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9
Q

What information is received at the somatosensory Cortex?

A

conscious information

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10
Q

What is this diagram showing us?

A

The lower extremities are mapped at the higher part of the brain at the most dorsal aspect

The higher extremities are mapped at the lateral side of the lower cerebral hemisphere

**inverse mapping

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11
Q

If I’m​ typing / usi​ng my fingers what part of the brain is responsible?

A

Parietal lobe

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12
Q

What does the parietal lobe receive​ and process?

A

All somatosensory input ( touch, pain)

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13
Q

Parietal lobe =

A

homunculus

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14
Q

3 key points to remember about the somatosensory cortex?

A
  • inverted image
  • disproportionally arranged
  • regular somatotopic organization​
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15
Q

GSS species differences: disproportional homunculus examples

A

raccoon​: large forehands
camel: large lips
naked mole rats: (blind) uses teeth to burrow
pig: large snout for rooting

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16
Q

What are the 3 sensory pathways /tracks?

A
  1. dorsal column
  2. spinothalamic​ tracts
  3. spinocervicothalamic tracts

** All merge to join medial lemniscal systems

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17
Q

What part of the brain does the medial lemniscal system deal with?

A

hindbrain

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18
Q

Are the tracts that go from the periphery to the higher centers

A

dorsal column

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19
Q

The dorsal​ column splits up the?

A

gracile tract into hindlimb,

20
Q

The dorsal column governs the hindlimb in terms of ?

A

touch, pressure, kinaesthesia

21
Q

The spinothalamic​ tract:

A
  • dominate in humans
  • important for pain sensation
  • superficial “pin-prick” pain, temperature (skin, viscera)

ex: hand on oven

22
Q

spinocervicothalmic tracts

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • some superficial pain (skin)
23
Q

The thalamus​ is responsible for​?

A

prioritizing​ and filtering information to the cortex

24
Q

which tracy is prominent in carnivores ?
ex: cat walking on fence

A

spine cervical​ tract

25
Q

Medial Lemniscal System origin, termination, & what it runs through

A
  1. Located in the ​medulla oblongata
  2. Thalamus relays information to the cerebral cortex which acts as an important filter for information (sorting office)
  3. Final site of perception is in general sensory cortex
26
Q

Medial Lemniscal System components, do fibers decussate, & is it ipsilateral or contralateral

A
  • Composed of bundle of heavily myelinated axons
  • Decussation of fibers
  • Mainly contralateral (bilateral) relay close to midline
27
Q

which tracts merge to join Medial Lemniscal System

A
  • Dorsal columns
  • Spinothalamic
  • spinocervicothalamic
    **except joint &muscle proprioception
28
Q

Spinal relay tracts are predominately utilized & ​merge for Medial Lemniscal System

A

A) Dorsal columns gracile-cuneate
B) spinocervicothalamic used more than spinothalamic

all merge to form a system except joint & muscle proprioceptio

29
Q

Tracts Dorsal Columns (DC) uses

A
  • gracile tract for hindlimb
  • cuneate tract for forelimb
30
Q

Ascending reticular formation spinoreticular tracts (AscRF) what does deep pain loss indicates

A

significant bilateral spinal cord lesion

31
Q

Ascending reticular formation spinoreticular tracts (AscRF): information relay process

A

A) Information at Spinal cord
B) Information relayed to reticular formation
C) Information relayed to thalamus
D) Information relayed to cerebral cortex

32
Q

Ascending reticular formation spinoreticular tracts (AscRF): how does the tract run in relevance to the spinal cord

A

Bilateral relay close to midline of body

33
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): triggers

A
  • Subconscious proprioception
  • Used in co-ordination & finetuning motor activity
34
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): how does the tract run in relevance to the spinal cord

A
  • 2-neuron pathway
  • Ipsilateral relay (stimulated side of body gets sent to symmetrical side of brain)
35
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): how does the tract run in relevance to the spinal cord

A
  • 2-neuron pathway
  • Ipsilateral relay (stimulated side of body gets sent to symmetrical side of brain)
36
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): What symptoms are expected for a clinical scenario diagnosis:

A
  • Incoordination: Ataxia (cerebellar disturbance, afferent kinesthetic deficit)
  • Vestibular: loss of balance, wide based stance
  • Alcohol ‘drunken’ gait
37
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): Conscious stimuli relay process:

A

A) Information at Spinal cord
B) Information sent to cerebral cortex as proprioception control center

38
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ScerbT): unconscious stimuli relay process:

A

A) Information at Spinal cord
B) Information sent to cerebellum as proprioception control center

39
Q

Pain transmission &reception: what is the clinical significance, what does it indicate &how does the tract run in relevance to the spinal cord

A
  • Enormous clinical significance
  • Pain fibers lie throughout cord &are very resilient, indicating loss of ALL pain sensation has very poor prognostic
  • 2 pathways used
40
Q

Which 2 tracts are utilized for pain transmission &reception

A

1) Delayed, slow, or true pain sent to SRetT (spinoreticuothalamic tract)
2) Fast, initial, or pin prick pain sent to STT (spinothalamic tract)

41
Q

Explain general principles of lesion localization in sensory pathways within the CNS.

A
  1. presence/ absence of sensory deficit (neurological examination) determining what lesion is
  2. Neuroanatomical localization of where lesion is
  3. etiological basis of neurological lesion for why it’s occurred
42
Q

Ascending reticular formation spinoreticular tracts (AscRF): triggers

A
  • True pain (everything other than “pin-prick”)
  • In superficial & deep tissues
  • All intensities (itching, aches, agony)
  • Arousal
43
Q

Visceral pain traits:

A
  • Poor localization
  • Can be extreme (especially distension)
  • Can induce skeletal muscle spasm
    Can be referred to somatic areas served by same spinal nerve (angina)
44
Q

Relay information process if slow, delayed or true pain:

A
45
Q

Relay information process if fast, initial, or pin prick pain

A
46
Q

Nociception - key points

A
  • conscious perception of a noxious stimulus + unpleasant emotional response
  • can stimulate reflex activity or transmitted to brain via sensory pathways found on both sides of spinal cord

-hyperalgesia: tissue damage

  • visceral pain

Nervous System and Integument (8 decks)

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