1.2 Peripheral Nerves and Control

Question 1

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Cranial Nerve I :

Answer 2

Olfactory
Location: Forebrain
- smell sensory

Question 3

Cranial Nerve II :

Answer 3

Optic nerve
Location : Forebrain
vision sensory

Question 4

Cranial Nerve III :

Answer 4

Oculomotor
Location: midbrain
- Controls movement of the eyeball
- levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) : muscle that lifts up eyelid
- Carry’s parasympathetic fibers to ciliary muscles and pupil

Question 5

Cranial Nerve IV :

Answer 5

Trochlear
Location: midbrain
- only controls dorsal oblique
- decussation: in brain before coming out
- only nerve that comes from dorsal brain stem

Question 6

Cranial nerve V :

Answer 6

Trigeminal
Location: hindbrain
- one of the largest nerves
- both motor and sensory

sensory to face
motor ro jaw

Question 7

Trigeminal nerve motor component includes:

Answer 7

muscles of mastication
masseter, temporalis, pterygoids,
rostral digastricus
- mylohyoideus
- tensors palatini and tympani (ear)

Question 8

Trigeminal nerve sensory component includes:

Answer 8

Almost all face and ear canal

Question 9

Trigeminal nerve (V): 3 roots

Answer 9

• V1 Ophthalmic branch - sensory only
• V2 maxillary branch - sensory only
• V3 mandibular branch - mixed

Question 10

V1 contains:

Answer 10

• frontal
• lacrimal
• infratrochlear

Question 11

V2 contains:

Answer 11

• infraorbital
• zygomatic

Question 12

V3 contains:

Answer 12

• mental formen
• buccinator
• (mylo-hyoid)
• auriculotemporal

Question 13

Cranial nerve VI :

Answer 13

Abduncens
Location - hindbrain
- lateral rectus: pulls eye away from midline
- retractor bulbi: pulls eye inward

Question 14

Cranial nerve VII :

Answer 14

Facial nerve
Location: hindbrain
- muscles of facial expressions
- receives sensory from the ​outer ear
-taste buds on 2/3 of tongue
- Motor and sensory
- Parasympathetic to glands: taste sensation

Question 15

Cranial nerve VII motor function:

Answer 15

-muscles of facial expression
-caudal belly of digastric (equines)
- stapedius mm.

Question 16

Cranial nerve VII sensory function:

Answer 16

Sensory (ear)

Question 17

Cranial nerve VII special sense:

Answer 17

Taste - passes through mid-ear to tongue
- damage to the mid-ear can cause loss of taste​

Question 18

Carnial nerve IX:

Answer 18

Glossophargeal nerve
Location: hindbrain
- innovates the tongue important for taste
- motor / sensory to pharynx, parasymp. to glands, taste sensation

Question 19

tongue pain and perception =

Answer 19

Cranial nerve V

Question 20

Tongue taste =

Answer 20

cranial nerve VII and IX

Question 21

Cranial nerve X :

Answer 21

Vagus Nerve
Location: hindbrain
- motor & sensory
- parasympathetic to pharynx, larynx, heart, abdomen
- begins in head and ends at colon

Question 22

Cranial nerve XI :

Answer 22

Accessory nerve
Location: hindbrain
- motor to shoulder
- Cranial root and spinal root

Question 23

Cranial nerve XI: cranial root

Answer 23

may supply recurrent ± cranial laryngeal fibres

Question 24

Cranial nerve XI: spinal root

Answer 24

runs cranially along spinal cord → re-enters cranium through foramen magnum → exits cranium with XIcranial root → neck and shoulder mm.

Question 25

Cranial nerve XII :

Answer 25

Hypoglossal nerve Location: hindbrain - innovates extrinsic muscles of the ​tongue/ responsible for tongue movement

Question 26

What do nerves III, VII, IX, and X have in common?

Answer 26

they all carry parasynthetic​ fibers

Question 27

What nerve sits in front of the pituitary gland / Hypthalmus?

Answer 27

Cranial nerve II

Question 28

All spinal nerves are ___ in composition?

Answer 28

mixed in composition (sensory and motor)

Question 29

Cranial nerves can be what in composition?

Answer 29

Mixed Purely sensory Purely motor

Question 30

General somatic motor (GSM)

Answer 30

skeletal muscle, spinal nerve

Question 31

General visceral motor (GVM)

Answer 31

autonomic (smooth muscle), spinal nerve

Question 32

General somatic sensation (GSS)

Answer 32

skin, proprio, spinal nerve

Question 33

General visceral sensation (GVS)

Answer 33

viscera, spinal nerve

Question 34

What are the 3 cranial never types?

Answer 34

- special visceral motor (SVM) - Special somatic sensory (SSS) - eye, ear - Special visceral sensory (SVS) - mouth, oral cavity, sense of taste

Question 35

Where are motor nerves​ located?

Answer 35

more mediallly

Question 36

Where are Sensory nerves located?

Answer 36

more laterally

Question 37

Label the motor and sensory nerves

Answer 37

1. GSM -goes into skeletal muscle 2. SVM 3. GVM - smooth muscle in visceral structure 4. GVS - sensory to gut 5. SSS/SVS 6. GSS - skin somite

Question 38

Cranial Nerve VIII:

Answer 38

Vestibulocochlear: Location: Hindbrain - hearing - balance sensory

Question 39

What nerve forms early in development, and connects to the ​piriform lobe?

Answer 39

Cranial Nerve I

Question 40

What nerve begins in the Retina?

Answer 40

Cranial Nerve II