2.1 prokaryotes Flashcards
prokaryote kingdoms (2)
eubacteria and archaea
prokaryote facts
found everywhere
not a lot of identified species
some cause disease or infection
some are beneficial
3 benefits or prokarya
food
medicine
decomposers
evolution of prokaryotes
approx 3.5 billion years ago prokaryotes appeared
shapes of prokaryotes (3)
coccus
bacillus
spirillum
arrangements of prokaryotes (3)
diplo
strepto
staphylo
metabolism of prokaryotes
can be autotrophic heterotrophic or hemotrophic
hemotrophic def
getting food from chemicals
obligate aerobe def
prokaryote that requires O2
obligate anaerobe def
prokaryote that doesn’t requires O2
facultative aerobe def
prokaryote that can survive with or without O2
reproduction of prokaryotes
asexual or sexual (binary fission or conjugation)
binary fission
parent cell grows and duplicates dna then splits into two identical to the parent daughter cells
conjugation
form of sexual reproduction that includes exchanging genetic information
transformation in prokaryotes
picking up a loose fragment of DNA from the surrounding environment
Horizontal gene transfer
picking up new DNA from a different species
2 ways prokaryotes increase survival
endoscope
antibiotic resistance
endoscope
highly resistant structures that surround the genetic material of a bacterial cell. the cell remains dormant
antibiotic resistance
natural selection results in more resistant bacteria to antibiotics
archaea facts (3)
discovered 50 years ago
not well studied
cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan
all types of archaea (5)
thermophiles - hot
psychrophiles - cold
halophiles - salty
acidophiles - acidic
methanogens - low on O2 high on methane
