(2.1) - Particles and Radiation

Question 1

(2.1.1) What do each letter stand for

AZX Notation:

Answer 1

A: Nucleon Number
Z: Proton Number
X: Chemical Symbol

Question 2

(2.1.2)

What is the difference between the Strong Nuclear Force and Strong Interaction

Answer 2

SNF keeps nucleons together. SI keeps quarks

Question 3

Repulsion range in SNF

Answer 3

0 - 0.5 fm

Question 4

Attraction range in SNF

Answer 4

0.5 - 3 fm

Question 5

Annihilation

Answer 5

When a particle meets its corresponding antiparticle they are both destroyed and their mass is converted into energy in the form of two gamma-ray photons

Question 6

Pair Production

Answer 6

When a photon interacts with a nucleus or atom and the energy of the photon is used to create a particle–antiparticle pair

Question 7

Four fundamental interactions:

Answer 7

• Strong
• Weak
• Gravitational
• Electromagnetic

Question 8

Exchange Particle for SNF

Answer 8

Pion

Question 9

Exchange Particle for SF

Answer 9

Gluon

Question 10

Exchange particle for Weak interaction

Answer 10

W boson (W+ or W-)

Question 11

Exchange particle for Electromagnetic interaction

Answer 11

Virtual photon

Question 12

Hadrons are subject to the … interaction

Answer 12

Strong

Question 13

The two classes of hadrons:

Answer 13

• baryons (proton, neutron) and antibaryons
  (antiproton and antineutron)
• mesons (pion, kaon) and antimesons (antipions and antikaon)

Question 14

All quantum numbers:

Answer 14

• Baryon
• Lepton
• Strange
• Charge

Question 15

What is the only stable baryon

Answer 15

proton

Question 16

What particles are subject to conservation

Answer 16

• Lepton
• Charge
• Baryon

Question 17

What do kaons decay into

Answer 17

Pions

Question 18

What are the different kind of Leptons

Answer 18

• Electron
• Muon
• Neutrino

Question 19

What does a muon decay into

Answer 19

Electron

Question 20

How are strange particles produced and how do they decay

Answer 20

• Produced in strong interaction
• Decays in weak interaction

Question 21

Explain conservation of strangeness in all interactions

Answer 21

• Strong, EM and Gravitational : fully conserved
• Weak : Can change by -1, 0, and 1

Question 22

Why do particle physics relies on the collaborative efforts of large teams of scientists and engineers

Answer 22

To validate new knowledge

Question 23

Properties of quarks

Answer 23

• Charge
• Baryon number
• Strange number

Question 25

Combination of quarks required for Proton and Neutrons (Baryons)

Answer 25

• Proton: UUD
• Neutron: UDD

Question 26

3 flavours of quarks

Answer 26

• Up
• Down
• Strange

Question 27

When is strange number conserved

Answer 27

Every interaction except weak in a range of -1, 0 or 1

Question 28

1. Types of Leptons
2. Define them

Answer 28

1. Muon, a heavier electron
2. Electron
3. Neutrino, a nearly mass less particle

Question 29

Types of mesons

Answer 29

• Pion (SNF exhange particle)
• Kaon (Strange particle, decays into pions)

Question 30

Quark character change in b- and b+ decay

Answer 30

b- neutron: neutron (udd) to proton (uud)
b+ is opposite

Question 31

In which interactions are quantities conserved

Answer 31

All except weak, where strangeness is not conserved