2.1 Matter Flashcards
What is the definition of Matter?
Any physical object as long as the mass and dimensions of the object can be measured
What are all substances made up of?
Atoms
What are the 3 basic states?
-Solid
-Liquid
-Gas
What to the 3 basic states depend on?
Temperature and pressure
How many elements are there in the periodic table?
118
What are the 3 main characteristics of elements?
-Consists of only 1 type of atom
-Cannot be broken down into another type of matter
-Can exist either as atoms or molecules
How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?
In order of increasing atomic number
What are horizontal rows called in a periodic table?
Periods
What are vertical rows called in a periodic table?
Groups
What do elements in the same group have?
Similar chemical properties
What is the core of an atom?
Nucleus
What is a nucleus made up of?
-Protons
-Neutrons
What surrounds the nucleus?
Electrons
What charge do protons carry?
Positive (1)
What charge do Neutrons carry?
Neutral (0)
What charge do Electrons carry?
Negative (-1)
What is the mass of a proton?
1.67x10^-27
What is the mass of a neutron?
1.67x10^-27
What is the mass of a electron?
9.11x10^-31
What charge do atoms with the same amount of protons and electrons have?
Neutral (0)
What is the simplest atom?
Hydrogen atom (1 proton and 1 electron)
What is the equation for the amount of electrons on a shell?
2n^2
(n = shell number)
What is the valence orbit of an atom?
The most outer shell
What is a molecule?
2 or more of the same element joined together
What is a compound?
2 or more different elements chemically bonded
What is a mixture?
2 or more elements not chemically bonded
What are 2 types of chemical bonds?
-Covalent bond
-Ionic bond
What is a covalent bond?
When 2 non-metals share electrons
What is a Ionic bond?
When an atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom
What is a chemical compound made of?
2 or more different elements
What are the 3 types of mixtures and their examples?
-Solutions (sea water)
-Suspensions (sand in water)
-Colloids (clouds, milk)
What is density described as?
Amount of mass per unit volume
What are the particle arrangements and behaviours of solids?
-Strong forces of attraction between particles
-Particles usually in a regular arrangement
-Particles are close together and vibrate about fixed positions
What are the 5 properties of solids?
-Has a definite shape and volume
-Has a fixed surface
-Usually has a high density
-Cannot easily be compressed
-Expands a little on heating
What are the particle arrangements and behaviours or liquids?
-Weak forces of attraction between particles
-Random arrange,emt of particles
-Particles move about freely but are close together
What are the 6 properties or liquids?
-Takes the shape of its container
-Has a definite volume
-Has a surface
-High density
-Cannot easily be compressed
-Expands on heating
What are the particle arrangements and behaviours or Gases?
-Very weak forces of attraction between particles
-Random arrangement of particles
-Particles move about freely and are far apart
What are the 5 properties or Gases?
-Has no definite shape or volume
-Has no surface
-Very low density
-Can easily be compressed
-Expands greatly on heating
What is it called when going from a solid to a gas?
Sublimation
What is it called when going from a gas to a solid?
Deposition
What is it called when going from a gas to a liquid?
Condensation
What is it called when going from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing / Fusion
What is it called when going from a Solid to a liquid?
Melting
What is it called when going from a liquid to a gas?
Evaporation
When is an exothermic reaction?
When the reaction gives off heat / energy
What is an endothermic reaction?
When the reaction takes in heat / energy
What are atoms called when they gain or lose an electron?
Ions
What gets higher the more protons and neutrons you have?
The atomic mass
How are atoms identified?
By the number of protons in the nucleus
What is the atomic number for Carbon?
6
What is the atomic number for Titanium?
22
What is the atomic number for Aluminium?
13
What is the atomic number for Oxygen
8
