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M2 > 2.1 Matter > Flashcards

2.1 Matter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Matter?

A

Any physical object as long as the mass and dimensions of the object can be measured

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2
Q

What are all substances made up of?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

What are the 3 basic states?

A

-Solid
-Liquid
-Gas

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4
Q

What to the 3 basic states depend on?

A

Temperature and pressure

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5
Q

How many elements are there in the periodic table?

A

118

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6
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of elements?

A

-Consists of only 1 type of atom
-Cannot be broken down into another type of matter
-Can exist either as atoms or molecules

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7
Q

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

A

In order of increasing atomic number

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8
Q

What are horizontal rows called in a periodic table?

A

Periods

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9
Q

What are vertical rows called in a periodic table?

A

Groups

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10
Q

What do elements in the same group have?

A

Similar chemical properties

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11
Q

What is the core of an atom?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

What is a nucleus made up of?

A

-Protons
-Neutrons

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13
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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14
Q

What charge do protons carry?

A

Positive (1)

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15
Q

What charge do Neutrons carry?

A

Neutral (0)

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16
Q

What charge do Electrons carry?

A

Negative (-1)

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17
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1.67x10^-27

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18
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1.67x10^-27

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19
Q

What is the mass of a electron?

A

9.11x10^-31

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20
Q

What charge do atoms with the same amount of protons and electrons have?

A

Neutral (0)

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21
Q

What is the simplest atom?

A

Hydrogen atom (1 proton and 1 electron)

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22
Q

What is the equation for the amount of electrons on a shell?

A

2n^2
(n = shell number)

23
Q

What is the valence orbit of an atom?

A

The most outer shell

24
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more of the same element joined together

25
Q

What is a compound?

A

2 or more different elements chemically bonded

26
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more elements not chemically bonded

27
Q

What are 2 types of chemical bonds?

A

-Covalent bond
-Ionic bond

28
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When 2 non-metals share electrons

29
Q

What is a Ionic bond?

A

When an atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom

30
Q

What is a chemical compound made of?

A

2 or more different elements

31
Q

What are the 3 types of mixtures and their examples?

A

-Solutions (sea water)
-Suspensions (sand in water)
-Colloids (clouds, milk)

32
Q

What is density described as?

A

Amount of mass per unit volume

33
Q

What are the particle arrangements and behaviours of solids?

A

-Strong forces of attraction between particles
-Particles usually in a regular arrangement
-Particles are close together and vibrate about fixed positions

34
Q

What are the 5 properties of solids?

A

-Has a definite shape and volume
-Has a fixed surface
-Usually has a high density
-Cannot easily be compressed
-Expands a little on heating

35
Q

What are the particle arrangements and behaviours or liquids?

A

-Weak forces of attraction between particles
-Random arrange,emt of particles
-Particles move about freely but are close together

36
Q

What are the 6 properties or liquids?

A

-Takes the shape of its container
-Has a definite volume
-Has a surface
-High density
-Cannot easily be compressed
-Expands on heating

37
Q

What are the particle arrangements and behaviours or Gases?

A

-Very weak forces of attraction between particles
-Random arrangement of particles
-Particles move about freely and are far apart

38
Q

What are the 5 properties or Gases?

A

-Has no definite shape or volume
-Has no surface
-Very low density
-Can easily be compressed
-Expands greatly on heating

39
Q

What is it called when going from a solid to a gas?

A

Sublimation

40
Q

What is it called when going from a gas to a solid?

A

Deposition

41
Q

What is it called when going from a gas to a liquid?

A

Condensation

42
Q

What is it called when going from a liquid to a solid?

A

Freezing / Fusion

43
Q

What is it called when going from a Solid to a liquid?

A

Melting

44
Q

What is it called when going from a liquid to a gas?

A

Evaporation

45
Q

When is an exothermic reaction?

A

When the reaction gives off heat / energy

46
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

When the reaction takes in heat / energy

47
Q

What are atoms called when they gain or lose an electron?

A

Ions

47
Q

What gets higher the more protons and neutrons you have?

A

The atomic mass

48
Q

How are atoms identified?

A

By the number of protons in the nucleus

49
Q

What is the atomic number for Carbon?

A

6

50
Q

What is the atomic number for Titanium?

A

22

51
Q

What is the atomic number for Aluminium?

A

13

52
Q

What is the atomic number for Oxygen

A

8

M2 (3 decks)

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