21: Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Question 1

art governed by rules, especially works sanctioned by an official institution, academy, or school

Answer 1

academic art

Question 2

style of decorative art and architecture characterized by curving shapes abstracted from nature

Answer 2

Art Nouveau

Question 3

artists who work in an experimental or innovative way, often opposing mainstream standards

Answer 3

avant-garde

Question 4

Post-Impressionist style using bold contrast, brushwork, and textures to communicate inner feelings and emotion

Answer 4

Expressionism

Question 5

style of painting executed outdoors, aiming to capture the light and mood of a particular moment and the transitory effects of light and color

Answer 5

Impressionism

Question 6

emulation of Classical Greek and Roman art, rejecting frivolous nature of Rococo style

Answer 6

Neoclassicism

Question 7

apparent rather than actual color mixture, produced by interspersing brushstrokes or dots of colors instead of physically mixing them

Answer 7

optical color mixture

Question 8

painting characterized by openness of form, in which shapes are defined by loose brushwork in light and dark color areas rather than by outline or contour

Answer 8

painterly

Question 9

system of painting using tiny dots of color - developed by Georges Seurat, who called the technique “divisionism”

Answer 9

pointillism

Question 10

term applied to various personal styles of painting by artists in France that developed in reaction to Impressionism - more concerned with form, symbols, expressiveness, emotional intensity

Answer 10

Post-Impressionism

Question 11

mid-nineteenth century style of Gustave Courbet and others, based on idea that ordinary people and everyday activities are worthy subjects of art

Answer 11

Realism

Question 12

literary and artistic movement aimed at asserting the validity of subjective experience, characterized by intense emotional excitement and depictions of powerful forces of nature, exotic lifestyles, danger, suffering, nostalgia

Answer 12

Romanticism

Question 13

an official art exhibition in France, judged by members of the official French Academy

Answer 13

Salon

Question 14

movement in late nineteenth century Europe concerned with communication of inner emotional states through forms and colors that may not copy nature directly

Answer 14

Symbolism