2.1 Intro to Biochemistry and 2.2 Water

Question 1

Vitalism

Answer 1

The belief that living things have a distinctive “spirit” contained in their bodies, which gives them life.

Question 2

define molecular biology

Answer 2

explains the living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved

Question 3

Falsification of vitalism

Answer 3

Friedrich Wöhler synthesized the organic molecule urea in a lab, outside of a mammalian body, which disproved the vitalist theory

Question 4

5 carbon properties

Answer 4

Atomic number of 6 
4 bonds
Can form single/double/triple
Do not readily dissociate in h2o
Can form 3D shapes

Question 5

4 carbon based compounds

Answer 5

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 6

describe metabolism

Answer 6

The network of chemical reactions that occur in an organism or cell

Question 7

what is metabolism catalyzed by

Answer 7

enzymes

Question 8

two examples of metabolism

Answer 8

Aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 9

describe anabolism

Answer 9

synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions

Question 10

describe catabolism

Answer 10

breakdown of molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of of macromolecules into monomers

Question 11

difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 11

alpha: H up on c1
beta: OH up on c1

Question 12

describe hydrogen bonding theory

Answer 12

The oxygen atom has 8 positive charges at its nucleus, therefore, it attracts the shared e- more strongly and they spend more time orbiting the O than the H. Hydrogen bonds form when the negatively charged oxygen on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the positive hydrogen on another.

Question 13

what are the cohesive and adhesive properties of h2o

Answer 13

polarity of water = sticky. the molecules stick together because of H+ bonds

Question 14

thermal properties of h2o

Answer 14

Water changes from solid to liquid and gas as more energy is added. Extra energy is required to overcome hydrogen bonds

Question 15

solvent properties of h2o

Answer 15

substances dissolved in it react with one another

Question 16

substances that dissolve in water are

Answer 16

hydrophilic

Question 17

transport of NaCl

Answer 17

ionic, freely transported in blood

Question 18

transport of O

Answer 18

soluble but in small quantities, most oxygen is transported using haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 19

transport of glucose

Answer 19

can travel freely in the blood

Question 20

transport of amino acids

Answer 20

transported in an ionized state

Question 21

transport of lipids

Answer 21

polar and hydrophobic; will not dissolve in water

Question 22

organism- adhesion

Answer 22

keeps leaves moist due to capillary action against gravity

Question 23

organism- cohesion

Answer 23

basilisk lizards rely on the cohesive nature of water resulting in surface tension

Question 24

organism- thermal

Answer 24

sweat evaporation

Question 25

organism- solvent

Answer 25

transport medium for bloodstreams