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Immunosero Lab (Finals) > 2.1 HIV 1 and 2 > Flashcards

2.1 HIV 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a vius that attacks the body’s immune system

A

HIV

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2
Q

AIDS can lead to HIV

T or F

A

F

Baligtad

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3
Q

What cell is being infected by HIV?

A

CD4+ (T helper cells)

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4
Q

HIV is a DNA virus and is known as retrovirus

T or F

A

F

RNA

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5
Q

What is the unique enzyme for HIV?

A

Reverse transcriptase

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6
Q

Stage 0 indicates in CD4 count?

A

Early HIV infection

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7
Q

Stage 0 indicates in CD4 count?

A

Early HIV infection

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8
Q

Stage 1 indicates in CD4 count

A

MOre than or equal to 500 cells/mm^3 (More than or equal to 26%)

No AIDS defining condition

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9
Q

Stage 2 indicates in CD4 count

A

200-499 cells/mm^3 (14-25%)

No AIDS defining condition

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10
Q

Stage 3 indicates in CD4 count

A

<200 cells/mm^3 (<14%)

AIDS-Defining condition

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11
Q

MODE of Transmission

A

Sexual contact

Vertical transmission

Injection Drug use

Occupational exposure (Stick injury)

Blood transfusion or organ transplant

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12
Q

5 Transfusion transmitted infected

A

HIV
HBV
HCV
Malaria
Syphilis

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13
Q

HIV that is prevalent worldwide

A

HIV-1

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14
Q

HIV-1 progress faster and contract AIDS

T or F

A

T

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15
Q

HIV Mostly confined in West Africa

A

HIV-2

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16
Q

HIV-2 is less pathogenic and lower rate of transmission

T or F

A

T

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17
Q

Patients infected by HIV-2 mostly remain non-progression for a long period of time

T or F

A

T

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18
Q

What are the 3 genes of HIV-2?

A

None

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19
Q

What are the 3 genes of HIV-1?

A

Pol

Env

Gag

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20
Q

What is the gene surface glycoprotein for HIV-1?

A

gp120

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21
Q

What is the gene transmembrane for HIV-1?

A

gp41

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22
Q

Gene that creates nonstructural protein of HIV

A

Pol

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23
Q

Gene that poduces structural protein of HIV

A

Gag

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24
Q

Gene that is capside for HIV or encloses the genetic material

A

p24

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25
Q

HIV-1 contains 2 ssRNA?

T or F

A

T

26
Q

Gene for Matrix in Gag

A

p17

27
Q

Gene for nucleocapsid in Gag

A

p9

28
Q

What is the difference between HIV 1 and HIV 2?

A

Surface glycoprotein
Transmembrane glycoprotein

HIV-1: gp120, gp41
HIV-2: gp125, gp36

29
Q

How HIV infects?

A
  1. HIV fuses to the host-cell surface (gp120 to CD4) [from vertical to horizontal CD4]
  2. HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell.
    (This is where Virus surface and transmembrane is located indication of cells is infected)
  3. Viral DNA is formed by reverse transcription
  4. Viral DNA is transported across the nucleus and integrates in the host DNA
  5. New viral RNA is used as genomic RNA and to make viral protein
  6. New viral RNA and proteins move to the cell surface and a new immature HIV forms
  7. The virus matures when protease releases the proteins that form the mature HIV
30
Q

Reverse transcriptase Forms HIV RNA to Viral DNA to incorporate into T helper cell

T o F

A

T

31
Q

Integrase is the one incorporate viral DNA in to the host DNA

T or F

A

T

32
Q

Once the Viral DNA integrates to the Host DNA, it is now called?

A

Provirus

33
Q

during transcription, there are 2 RNA being produce which are?

A

genomic HIV RNA

mRNA

34
Q

The 2 RNA that was produced can now undergo translation to produce viral protein

T or F

A

F

mRNA will undergo translation to produce viral protein

Genomic HIV RNA will become the new genome for the new HIV (Meaning no translation)

35
Q

The virus matures when ______ releases the proteins that form the mature HIV

A

protease

36
Q

COnfimatory test for HIV?

A

Western Blot

37
Q

What are the APC

A

Dendritic (Most Potent)
Macrophage
B cells

38
Q

MHC class II is the one that connects with CD4

T or F

A

T

39
Q

CD4 is activated into T helper 2 cells which produces interleukin-4 to activate B cells into plasma cells to produce antibodies

T or F

A

T

40
Q

What activates B cells?

A

IL-4

41
Q

What are the 3 target genes that antibodies can recognize HIV?

A

gp120
gp41
gp24

42
Q

CD8 (Cytotoxic T cell) produces cytokine which blocks of HIV entry

T or F

A

T

43
Q

When CD8 T cell Sticks to MHC class I with Infected T cell, it will trigger apoptosis to kill the infected T cells

T or F

A

T

44
Q

HIV rapid test kit is a quantitative test for detection of antibodies to all isotypes

T or F

A

F

Quali

45
Q

In HIV test kit, the test line contains HIV antibodies

T or F

A

F

Antigen

46
Q

Conjugate pad contains colloidal gold

T or F

A

T

47
Q

What is being detected in HIV 1?

A

gp41, gp24,

48
Q

What is being detected in HIV 2?

A

gp36

49
Q

Sample used for HIV testing?

A

WHole blood
Plasma
Serum

50
Q

If plasma or serum specimens are not tested immediately, they should be refrigerated at 2-8 degrees Celsius

T or F

A

T

51
Q

If refrigerated, blood specimens should be tested within 2 days.

T or F

A

F

3 days

52
Q

Storage period longer than 2 weeks, freezing is recommended

T or F

A

T

53
Q

Test procedure for HIV test

A
  1. Remove the test device from foil, place it in a flat and dry surface
  2. Add 20ul of drawn blood specimen or 10ul of plasma or serum specimen into the sample well
  3. Add 4 drops of assay diluents vertically into sample wells
  4. As the test begins to work, you will see purple color move across the result window in the center of the test device
  5. Time to result 10-20 mins. After adding the diluent, read the result after 10 mins but not more than 20 mins
54
Q

if you do not hold the bottle vertically (HIV test), it can lead to inaccurate results.

T or F

A

T

55
Q

Adding 5-6 drops may cause ______________________ phenomenon and overall a little reddish unclear background due to limitation of absorbent pad capability

A

reverse migration

56
Q

As the HIV test begins to work, you will see _____ color move across the result window in the center of the test device

A

purple

57
Q

In HIV test, after addling diluent, read the result after ___ mins but not later____ mins

A

10mins, 20 mins

58
Q

Reading after 20 mins, it can lead to ?

A

FALSE POSITIVE or FALSE NEGATIVE result

59
Q
  • When interpreting the results ESPECIALLY from Infectious reagent such as HIV, Hepa B, Hepa C, and Syphilis, write Non-reactive, Reactive or Invalid
A
60
Q

NOTE: When interpreting the results ESPECIALLY from Infectious reagent such as HIV, Hepa B, Hepa C, and Syphilis, write Non-reactive, Reactive or Invalid

A

Immunosero Lab (Finals) (4 decks)

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