2.1 Classification and biodiversity Flashcards
What is biological classification said to be?And what does this mean?
Said to be phylogenetic
reflects evolution of an organism by placng organisms into groups according to visible external features
mneumonic to remember the 8 taxon groups in increasing degree of similarity
don’t know putting crap on for general spectators
Name the eight taxon groups in increasing degree of similarity
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are the three domains?
- Archaea (bacteria living in hostile environments
- Eubacteria (common bacteria)
- Eukarya (includes plants, animals, fungi and protoctists)
mneumonic to remember 5 kingdoms
pass ant food please peter
What are the five kingdoms?
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Prokaryotes (bacteria)
- Protoctista
What are kingdoms then sorted into?
a large no. of smaller groups called Phyla - all have a specific thing in common
What is a genus? What can’t they usually do?
a group of organisms w/a large no. of similarities
- usually members of a diff species within a genus are unable to interbreed successfully
Define the term species
consists of a group of individuals w/similar characteristics that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What are protoctista?
mainly unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that don’t form tissues (many are photosynthetic)
What is the binomial system? Who was it created by? What is an advantage?
naming system created by Carl Linnaeus
universal as helps avoid confusion between different languages
why is the naming system tentative?
may be subject to change as a new species are discovered which don’t neatly fit into the groups currently available
What are the key features of the kingdom Plantae?
- multicellular eukaryotic (autotrophic) organisms that photosynthesise
- reproduce using spores or seeds
- possess cellulose cell walls
What are the key features of the kingdom Animalia?
- multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms
- no cell walls
- show nervous coordination
What are the key features of the kingdom Fungi?
- multicellular (moulds) or single celled (yeasts), eukaryotic
- cell wall made of chitin
- they are heterotrophic, being either saprophytic or parasitic
- reproduce using spores (moulds) or by budding (yeast)
What are the key features of the kingdom Prokaryotes?
- microscopic, unicellular organisms including bacteria
- cell wall made of peptidoglycan
- lacks membrane-bound organelles
- ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotes (70s vs 80s)
What are the key features of the kingdom Protoctista?
- includes algae and slime moulds
- some are unicellular and resemble animal cells (Amoeba)
- others have plant like cells
- contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
What kind of evolution are homologous structures evidence of? What are homologous structures? An example?
Divergent evolution
Similar structures evolved to perform different features
Pentadactyl limb - humans=hands bats=wings
What kind of evolution are analogous structures evidence of? What are analogous structures? An example?
Convergent evolution
Same function but a different structure/shape
Bird wings vs butterfly wings
Define behavioural evidence
similar behavioural patterns
Define biochemical evidence
comparison of amino acids of 2 species OR DNA hybridisation/extraction
Define immunological evidence. What does it involve creating?
immunological comparisons of proteins
- involves creating antibodies to one specie’s proteins in a rabbit, which can then be presented to other species’ proteins
Define biodiversity
the no. of species and the no. of individuals of each species in a given environment
What is species richness?
the measure of the no. of different species in a community
