2.1 Cell structure

Question 1

Magnification and resolution of light microscope

Answer 1

200nm

X1500

Question 2

Magnification and resolution if TEM (2D)

Answer 2

0.1nm

X500,000

Question 3

Magnification and resolution of SEM (2D)

Answer 3

0.1nm

X100,000

Question 4

2 functions of RER

Answer 4

cisternae form channels for transporting substances

large SA for ribosomes to make AA into proteins

Question 5

2 functions of vacuole

Answer 5

maintain cell stability

when full, push on cell wall making it turgid

Question 6

2 functions of lysosomes

Answer 6

powerful hydrolytic enzymes away from rest of cell

engulf old organelles or foreign matter

Question 7

2 functions of centrioles

Answer 7

formation of cilia and undulipodia

form spindle for cell division

Question 8

How to prepare slide? (3)

Answer 8

dehydrate
embed in wax
thin slices called sections

Question 9

How to view unstained specimens? (2)

Answer 9

light interference

dark background

Question 10

2 functions of golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

proteins modified into tertiary structure

processed and packaged into vesicles that are pinched off

Question 11

2 functions of SER

Answer 11

enzymes involved in synthesis of cholesterol lipids phospholipids and steroid hormones
absorbtion of lipids from gut

Question 12

How does a protein leave a cell?

Answer 12

mRNA leaves nucleus through pores
attaches to a ribosome
reads instructions to assemble the protein
pinched off in vesicle
vesicle fuses with golgi apparatus
packages and processes
pinched off
fuse with plasma membrane
exocytosis

Question 13

How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? (7)

Answer 13

smaller
less developed cytoskeleton
no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
peptidoglycan cell wall
smaller ribosomes
naked dna in loop

Question 14

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 14

binary fission

Question 15

what is an advantage of staining a specimen before viewing it under a miroscope? (2)

Answer 15

makes visible / easier to see / see more detail ;
(staining) provides / increases, contrast ;
identify / recognise, cell types / organelles / parts of cell ;
identify / recognise, different (named), compounds /
molecules ;