2.1 Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

Define classification

A

Process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics and evolution history.

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2
Q

List 7 groups in the hierarchy of taxons, largest to smallest.

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Gene
Species

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3
Q

Name 5 kingdom classification system.

A

Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Prokaryotae
Protoctista

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4
Q

Name 3 domain classification system

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

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5
Q

What do the same domain have in common?

A

Share distinctive pattern of rRNA

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6
Q

Outline the features of the kingdom Prokaryotae

A

Unicellular prokaryotes
Lacks true nucleus and membrane bound
Rigid cell wall

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7
Q

What is DNA profiling

A

Method to determine the characteristics of an individuals DNA

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8
Q

State the advantages of using biochemical methods of classification

A

Reduce mistakes made from observing physical features alone due to morphological convergence.

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9
Q

State homologous features

A

Evolved from same structure for different functions.
Indicate a common ancestor.
e.g. pentadactyl limb (in mammals, reptiles, birds)

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10
Q

State analogous features

A

Structures that have evolved independently for same functions
e.g. wings of birds and insects

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11
Q

Define species

A

Group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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12
Q

2 components to a binomial name

A

Generic name = the Genus to which the organism belongs
Specific name = species the organism belongs to

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13
Q

Advantage of the binomial naming system

A

universal; an organisms binomial name is the same everywhere in world.

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14
Q

Define biodiversity

A

Number and variety of living organisms in a given region.
Affected by environmental, genetic and human factors.

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15
Q

Name the mechanism that has generated biodiversity

A

Natural selection

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16
Q

When measuring biodiversity of a habitat, what must ecologists consider?

A

Species richness
Species evenness

17
Q

Define species richness

A

Number of different species found within an area

18
Q

Define species evenness

A

Number of individuals of each species living together in a community

19
Q

How can biodiversity in a habitat be assessed?

A

Simpsons Diversity Index

20
Q

What is Simpsons Diversity Index

A

A measurement of diversity that considers both species richness and evenness
Value between 0-1
Closer to 1= greater biodiversity

21
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

The presence of different phenotypes among members of a single species.

22
Q

How can biodiversity be assessed at a molecular level?

A

Using DNA fingerprinting and sequencing

23
Q

What is DNA sequencing?

A

Determining the entire DNA nucleotide base sequence of an organism

24
Q

How is DNA sequencing used to measure biodiversity?

A

Comparison between members of the same species can identify variations in base sequences and hence estimate genetic diversity

25
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Feature of an organism that increasers its chance of survival in its environment.

26
Q

Describe 3 types of adaptation?

A

Anatomical = changes to physical features.
Physiological = changes to bodily processes
Behavioural = changes to actions