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Anthropology > 21,17 > Flashcards

21,17 Flashcards

1
Q

Communitas

A

Intense feeling of social solidarity equality and togetherness

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2
Q

Religion

A

Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces

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3
Q

What is the difference between (religion) and (a religion)

A

A religion can be categorized until like Penecostal different things religion is the religion that in any society can be understood such as Christianity Islam

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4
Q

Animism

A

Belief in souls or doubles

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5
Q

Polytheism

A

Believe in multiple deities who control aspects of nature

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6
Q

Monotheism

A

Believe in a single all powerful deity

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7
Q

Mana

A

Sacred and personal fours so named in Malaysia and Polynesia

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8
Q

Taboo

A

Sacred in for bidden prohibited fact by supernatural sanctions

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9
Q

Magic

A

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific ends

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10
Q

Manna is also seen as what

A

Good luck

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11
Q

What can supernatural believes do

A

Help reduce anxiety over uncontrollable circumstances

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12
Q

What do rituals convey

A

They convey information about the participants and their traditions

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13
Q

Ritual

A

Formal repetitive stereotyped behavior based on a order

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14
Q

Right of passage

A

Rights marking transitions between places or stages of life

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15
Q

Liminality

A

The in between phase of a right of passage

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16
Q

Totemic rights

A

People gather together to honor their totem in so doing they use ritual and maintain the social when is that the totem symbolizes

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17
Q

Totem

A

An animal a plan or geographic feature associated with specific social group to which that totem is sacred or symbolically important

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18
Q

Cosmology

A

A system often religious for a imagining and understanding the universe

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19
Q

Shaman

A

Part time medico Magico religious practitioner

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20
Q

Revitalization

A

Social movements aimed at altering or revitalizing a society

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21
Q

Cargo cults

A

Postcolonial acculturative religious movement in Melanesia

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22
Q

Syncretisms

A

Cultural especially religious mixes emerging from acculturation

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23
Q

Pentecostalism

A

Is the western invention it’s believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism

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24
Q

Anti-modernism

A

Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life

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25
Q

Pentecostalism

A

Is the western invention it’s believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism

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26
Q

Anti-modernism

A

Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life

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27
Q

Pentecostalism

A

Is the western invention it’s believes doctrines and organizational features and rituals originated in the United States following the European rise and spread of Protestantism

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28
Q

Anti-modernism

A

Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier purer better way of life

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29
Q

Power

A

The ability to exercise one wills over others authority

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30
Q

Who are those that manage the fares of public policy

A

Political parties unions corporations lobby list activist political action committees religious groups and non-governmental organization’s

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31
Q

Band

A

Is a small can based group all its members are related by kinship remarriage

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32
Q

Chiefdom

A

A form of Socio political organization in your mediate between the tribe in the state

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33
Q

Differential access

A

Favorite access to resources by superior over subordinates

34
Q

Tribe

A

Food producing society with Rudimentary political structure

35
Q

Service typology

A

Significant contrast and political organizations especially those between state and nonstate for example and bands and tribes unlike states which have clearly visible governments political organizations did not send out a separate and distinct from the total social order

36
Q

Law

A

Legal code of a stage society with trial and enforcement

37
Q

Conflict resolution

A

Settling of disputes

38
Q

What are the most significant social groups

A

Nuclear family

39
Q

Village head

A

Local tribal leader with limited authority

Always a man

40
Q

Gender stratification

A

And unequal distribution of resources power prestige and personal freedom between men and women

41
Q

Among the young Moni went to Village is the fact is satisfied with the Ted man what can they do

A

Leave and find a new village

42
Q

The headman lacks what

A

The right to issue orders he can only persuade and try to influence public opinion

43
Q

Big man

A

Generous tribal entrepreneur with a multi village support
Almost always male
Leader of regional political organization has more rights than a head man

44
Q

Pantribal sodalities

A

Nine can-based groups with regional political significance

45
Q

Office

A

Permanent political position

46
Q

How are social relations in chiefdoms

A

Mainly based on kinship marriage doesn’t age generation and gender they are bands and tribes

47
Q

Wealth

A

All a persons material assets basis of economic status

48
Q

Prestige

A

Esteem respect or approval

49
Q

Subordinate

A

Lower underprivileged group in a stratified society

50
Q

How did Max Weber define the three related dimension of social stratification

A

Wealth or economic status

Power or political status

Prestige or social status

51
Q

Fiscal

A

Pertaining to finances and taxation

52
Q

What is a striking contrast between states in nonstates

A

The intervention and family affairs government stepped in to help blood feud and regulate previously private disputes

In nine states people customarily share with the relatives at citizens also have to turn over a substantial portion of what they produce to the state

53
Q

How can economies support massive dense populations which supply armies and colonist to promote expansion

A

States have to have a formal mechanism design to protect against external threats and preserve internal ones they have to be successful in promoting internal peace this enhances production

54
Q

Social control refers to what

A

Beliefs practices and institutions that are most actively involved in the main maintenance of any norms and the regulations of conflict

55
Q

Hegemony

A

Stratified social order in which subordinates except hierarchy as naturalized

56
Q

Digging deeper into Hegemony

A

1) it’s easier and more effective to dominate people in their minds than to try to control their bodies
2) making subordinates believe they will eventually gain power
3) separate or isolate people while supervising them closely as in done in prison

57
Q

Forgers

A

They harvest but they don’t plant

58
Q

Band

A

Basic social unit among forgers fewer than 100 people may split up seasonally

59
Q

Correlation

A

Association when one variable changes another does too

60
Q

Egalitarian

A

With only minor contrast in prestige each and no significant contrast and wealth and power

61
Q

Horticulture

A

Not industrial plant cultivation with fallowing

62
Q

Agriculture

A

Cultivation using land in labor continuously and intensively

63
Q

Cultivation. Continuum

A

Continuum of land in labor use

64
Q

The key difference between horticulture and agriculture is what

A

Horticulture always has a fallow period

65
Q

Pastoralist

A

Herds of domesticated animalistic

66
Q

Nomadism

A

Annual movement of entire pet store a group with herds

67
Q

Transhumance

A

A system in which only part of population moves for seasonally with herds

68
Q

Economy

A

System of resource production distribution and consumption

69
Q

Mode of production

A

Specific set of social relations and organize labor

70
Q

Means of production

A

Major productive resources land labor technology capital

71
Q

What are the two questions that economic anthropologist have been concerned with

A

How are product distribution and consumption organized in different societies this question focuses on the systems of human behavior and their organization

What motivates people in different cultures to produce distribute or exchange and consume hear the focus is not on system of behavior but on the motives of the individuals who participate in their system

72
Q

Economizing

A

Allocation of scarce means resources among alternative ends

73
Q

Market principal

A

Buying selling and valuation based on supply and demand

74
Q

Peasant

A

Small-scale farmer with rent fund obligation

75
Q

Reciprocity

A

Principle governing exchanges among social equals

76
Q

Reciprocity continuum

A

continuum running from generalized reciprocity closely related deferred to return to negative reciprocity strangers immediate return

77
Q

Generalized reciprocity

A

Exchange among closely related individuals

78
Q

Balanced reciprocity

A

Midpoint Ob reciprocity continuum between generalized and negative reciprocity

79
Q

I’ll peasants have what two things in common

A

They live in stage organize society

They produce food without elaborate technology chemical fertilizers tractors airplanes to spray crops and so on of modern farming agribusiness

80
Q

Redistribution

A

Flow of goods from local level into center then back out characteristics of chiefdom

81
Q

Negative reciprocity

A

Potential hostile exchange among strangers

82
Q

Potlatch

A

Competitive feast on North Pacific coast of North America

Anthropology (6 decks)

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