2.1

Question 1

what is social control

Answer 1

involves persuading people to conform to societies norms and laws
methods of achieving this are internal and external

Question 2

what are the external forms of social control

Answer 2

agencies or social control
criminal justice system
coercion
fear of punishment

Question 3

agencies of social control

Answer 3

eg family, peers and the education system
there are punishments and rewards which reinforces behaviour or deter behaviour

eg skinners rats

Question 4

criminal justice system

Answer 4

they use formal sanctions to make them conform to societies laws

eg police powers to stop and search
CPS can charge a suspect and prosecute in court

Question 5

coercion

Answer 5

they use threat or force to make someone do something

eg physical or pyschological violence
eg sending someone to prison to prevent reoffending

Question 6

fear of punishment

Answer 6

involves threat that force will be used against you if you don’t conform
this deters criminals - right realists tough on law and order

Question 7

what are internal forms of social control

Answer 7

controls that come from within - personality and values which makes us conform because we inwardly think that its the right thing to do

moral conscience or super ego
tradition and cultutre
internalisation of rules and morality

Question 8

moral conscience or super ago

Answer 8

freuds psychoanalytic theory says that we conform to societies expectations and laws because our super ego tells us to do so.
it tells us whats right and whats wrong and it inflicts guilt feelings
the superego develops through early socialisation within the family - a nagging parent
its function is to restrain selfish animal urges of the ID
if we acted on these urges, they would often lead us to anti-social behaviour
the super ego exercises self control

Question 9

tradition and culture

Answer 9

we accept the norms and values in our family

eg muslims fasting through ramadam

its important to conform to this because it affirms ones identity and being accepted into the community

Question 10

internalisation of social rules and morality

Answer 10

super ego and tradition start from things outside us
socialisation - internalising rules by society and making them our own personal rules
‘rational ideology’ - we internalise social rules and use thm to tell us what is right and wrong to keep us out of trouble

Question 11

what is control theory

Answer 11

Hirschi looks at why people obey the law - people conform because they are being controlled by their bonds to society which keep them from deviating

there is 4 elements
attachment
commitment
involvement
beliefs

Question 12

attachment

Answer 12

the more attached we are to others, the more we care about their opinion and the more we will respect their norms and less likely to break them eg parents and teachers

Question 13

commitment

Answer 13

what have you got to loose eg having a good job means that committing crime puts that at risk

Question 14

involvement

Answer 14

how involved are you in society eg studying or participating in sports clubs shows that we don’t have time or energy to commit crime

Question 15

beliefs

Answer 15

they have the belief that it is right to obey the law so they are less likely to break it

Question 16

parenting

Answer 16

Hirschi - if adults have low self control they are more likely to commit crime

this is because they were poorly socialised as kids and had little to none discipline

Question 17

Feminists

Answer 17

Heidensohn - the women’s low rate of offending is because of the male dominated society which controls women more closely

this makes it harder to offend

eg women spend more time at home so they have less time to commit crime outside