20th Century

Question 1

Harold Gillies

Answer 1

St- he developed new techniques to treat facial injuries
-over 5000 soldiers had crafted skin put onto injuries
-he could rebuild faces and became the pioneer for plastic surgery

Lt- inspired sir Archibald mclndoe in ww2.
- his work on burns included treating pilots shot down in Battle of Britain
- he improved the skin grafting techniques
- he spent a lot of time helping his patients reintegrate back into society

Question 2

Booth and Rowntree

Answer 2

St- B investigated London and wrote book ‘life and labour of the people of london’
-found 31% lived below poverty line and 85% of poverty was due to low wages and unemployment
-R investigated York and found 28% were in poverty

Lt- Politicians saw there work and wanted direct government action and they’re research led to the liberal reforms 1906-1918

Question 3

Karl Landsteiner

Answer 3

St- discovered different blood types to match donors and transfusions
- Later discovered that the anti coagulant would make blood last 28 days
- in 1915 the first bloom banks were used for battle casualties

Lt- by ww2 700,000 donors were used

Question 4

Alexander Fleming

Answer 4

St- during ww2 he was sent to study wounded soldiers
- decided to look for smt which would kill the microbes that cause infection
- the germ staphylococci caused septicaemia
-Fleming was investigating it when he went on holiday
- spores from mouldy crest left in bud lab got into the Perry dish and killed the germ
-this mould was penicillin

Lt- inspired Florey and Chain

Question 5

Florey and Chain

Answer 5

St- read Flemings work and turned there lab into a penicillin producing factory
- experimented in a policeman who was infected , it was a success until they ran out and the policeman died
- Us government paid drug companies to produce vast quantities in ww2 and 250,000 soldiers were treated and 15% would have died without the drug

Lt - after the war this “wonder drug “ was widely used to treat boils , wounds , abscesses etc… other antibiotics such as streptomycin were developed and sincere millions of lives have been saved

Question 6

William Beveridge

Answer 6

Wrote a report about the state of British during the war
The 1942 beveridge report claimed that the people of Britain deserved to be free of the “five giants of poverty “ disease, want , ignorance , idleness and poor living conditions
He said that the government should care for the people from the “ cradle to the grave”
100,000 copies sold