19th Century

Question 1

Louis Pasteur

Answer 1

St - Louis Pasteur established the link between germs and disease
- invented the germ theory published in 1861
- invented pasteurisation which made food and drink safer from infection
- he argued that micro organisms were responsible disease and if we could discover them then cabinets could be developed to specifically target the disease
-this allowed him to develop vaccines
- chicken cholera vaccine which led to a vaccine against rabies in 1880

Lt- Koch and Ehrlich carried on his work

Question 2

Robert Koch

Answer 2

St - Koch was a German who took the work of Pasteur further.
- in the lab he was able to link particular germs to particular diseases
-he used stain the identify bacteria and in 1882 he identified that bacillus (rod shaped) caused tb and in 1883 and 1884 those responsible for cholera
- be and his students rapidly isolated many diseases for example , typhoid pneumonia , plague . 21 different diseases all which were major kills in the uk

Lt- Ehrlich carried on his work

Question 3

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 3

St - Ehrlich was one of Kochs students . L
- he epitomises the scientist approach to identify and treating diseases
- he is best know for Salvarsan 606 (1910) which was the first effective treatment for syphilis .
- called 606 because it was his 606th attempt of using drugs to kill the germ

Lt- Salvarsan 606 was the first of what became know as magic bullets carefully designed drugs which targeted specific germs that caused illness with little to no side effects

Question 4

Joseph Lister

Answer 4

Biggest killer in operations was infection and gangrene
Listed started using and operating room sterilised with carbolic acid , the wounds and dressing were also soaked in it
Death rates fell for 46%-15% in 3 years
1871 he invented a machine which sprayed carbolic acid
He is known as the ‘father of anti sceptic surgery’

Question 5

James Simpson

Answer 5

User chloroform to reduce pain in childbirth
Caused dizziness, sleepiness and unconsciousness
Queen Victoria used it to give birth in 1853 which gained popularity

Question 6

John Snow

Answer 6

St- in 1849 he published a book which claimed that cholera was spread by dirty water not bad air
- he was laughed at
-in 1854 700 people died from cholera so he mapped out the deaths and found they all got water from the same pump (Broad street)
-he removed handle and disease stoped

Lt- before germ theory but did influence the public health act in 1875 and sanitary act in 1866