20th Century

Question 1

Social class

Answer 1

For most of 20th century rugby league associated with professionalism and working class
Rugby union, cricket still associated with amateurism and with middle/upper class
Eg cricket amateur vs professionals only ended 1963
Athletics tennis and rugby union all accepted professionalism towards end of 20th century
Late 20th century measures such as subsidies sports centres and swimming pools to promote equality
Gambling becoming popular
Amateur still dominant in many sports

Question 2

Transport

Answer 2

Train/coach transport allowed nationwide competitions early
Limited international competitions until advent if airlines mid part of century but some existed such as first olympics 1896
Later in century more opportunity to travel nationally and internationally
Eg Ryder cup
By end of century car ownership and cheap air travel widespread by the end of the century
As century progressed improvements in communication

Question 3

Availability of time and money

Answer 3

Early 20th century still dependant on class. Working class little time and money and therefore little opportunity. More time and money for upper and middle class. World wars stopped all plans .
As century progressed working week got shorter and working conditions improved. More disposable income led to increased opportunities for participation. Workers had more energy and were healthier more likely to play sport.
Unemployment led to reduced chances for some at the end of the century

Question 4

Education and literacy

Answer 4

Sporting press and spectating continues to increase in popularity due to universal literacy
Soldiers died in warfare due to reduced fitness
Therefore exercise taught in state school, rationalised games
National curriculum in 1988
Physical education compulsory in school
Technological advances increased both elite performance and participation from 70s
Helped disability sport to grow

Question 5

Gender

Answer 5

Society male dominated but less so
Men more opportunity than women
Women expected to fulfil domestic role
Discrimination still existed- eg men only golf clubs
Little media coverage of female sport
Opportunities for women increased from post industrial- increased fast from 60s due to womens liberation movement
Some become professional late in 20th century such as tennis

Question 6

Law and order

Answer 6

Society continues to be more civilised leading to sport being more civilised regulated and organised.
Drugs and doping blighted athletics from 60s. As hooliganism did football in the 70s,80s
Laws introduced to combat drug taking and doping in sport and hooliganism late 20th century
Sport specific laws such as all seater stadiums 1990

Question 7

20th century overview

Answer 7

Cities continued to grow- urbanisation
Wealth increased but unevenly distributed
World wars influence