20.Bx General Principles/25.Intro to Onc Sx Flashcards
Which of the following is not a risk for needle core biopsies? A Seeding of tumor cells B Hemorrhage C Inaccurate diagnosis D Requires sedation
D
Which of the following is true about incisional biopsy?
• Incisional biopsy is preferred for superficial, ulcerated, and necrotic mass lesions
• Always orient your incision along the lines of tension.
• Hemorrhage is never a problem with incisional biopsy
• Including normal and abnormal is never helpful, as it can seed tumor cells sarcoma or OSA
A:TRUE get a better diagnosis than with punch or needle core bx
B (Considering differentials and potential treatment options will dictate the orientation … radiation
C (false, use horizontal mattress into the suture)
D (false, may aid in the diagnostic decision, but not recommended for ST
Which tumor suppression gene is the “guardian of the genome”? • ■ A) Cdk2 • ■ B) P27 • ■ C) p53 • ■ D) E cycline
C p 53
What phase is not part of the Interphase? • ■ A) S • ■ B) G1 • ■ C) G2 • ■ D) M
M = mitosis
M → G1 → S phase for synthesis of strands double → G2 checkpoint → M phase
What phase does doubling of the DNA occur? • ■ A) S • ■ B)G1 • ■ C) G2 • ■ D) M
S
M → G1 → S phase for synthesis of strands double → G2 checkpoint → M phase
What percentage of canine tumors are telomerase positive? • A) 50-60% • B) 78-82% • C) 85-90% • D) 92-95%
D 92-95%
What is true:
• A) Round Cell common metastasize through hematogenous spread
• B) Carcinoma’s metastasize lymphatic spread
• C) Sarcoma’s metasize though lymphatic spread
• D) The premise if false, all of the above are false statements
B true
Metastasis
•round cell … lymphatic (think MCT)
•carcinomas – lymphatic
•sarcomas – hematogenous (think HSA)
How far does the tumor need to be from a capillary bed for continued growth? • A) 50-100 uM • B) 100-200 uM • C) 200-400 uM • D) 400-500 uM
B 100-200
Which of the following is FALSE regarding tumor imaging?
• CT is recommended for tumors of the axial skeleton
• MRI is recommended for intrabdominal and thoracic tumors
• MRI is recommended for central and peripheral nervous system neoplasia
• MRI has a higher resolution for soft tissues
B
false, intrathoracic is CT due to potential for respiratory motion.
MRI for intraabdominal and neuro
Which two are appropriately matched
• PET (positron emission tomography) utilizes a radiopharmaceutical called F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to highlight tumor cells
• PET gamma-ray–emitting radionuclides with a gamma camera that reconstructs images in cross- section
• single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) gamma-ray–emitting radionuclides with a gamma camera that reconstructs images in cross- section
• SPECT utilizes a radiopharmaceutical called F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to highlight tumor cells
PET with FDG
SPECT with gamma ray-emitting radionuclides
What are four techniques can be used to manage unplanned marginal resections:
- (1) no treatment
- (2) staging resection of the surgical wound
- (3) wide resection of the surgical wound
- (4) combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy
Which is false?
• Staging resection of surgical wounds is an intermediary step used to determine whether tumor cells are truly present in the surgical field and, if so, to reveal the need for further therapy.
• Staging resection involves excision of the surgical wound with ≤10 mm margins
• Histologic evidence of incomplete resection generally indicates that evidence of residual tumor will be present following staging resection.
• Staging resection therefore can be used to determine whether animals need to be subjected to additional expensive, time-consuming, and potentially harmful treatments.
C is false
Despite histologic evidence of incomplete resection after the first surgery, 78% of soft tissue sarcomas have no evidence of residual tumor following staging resection, and hence do not require further treatment is required.
Which is false?
• Lymph node size is not an accurate predictor of metastasis.
• In one study of 100 dogs with oral malignant melanoma, 10% of dogs with normal-sized lymph nodes had metastasis.
• In the same study of 100 dogs with oral malignant melanoma, 49% of dogs with enlarged lymph nodes did not have metastasis.
• A fine needle aspirate is usually sufficient, but incisional or excisional biopsy is sometimes required.
B (40%)
Which of the following is false regarding recommended margins?
• Small intestinal tumors: 4 to 8 cm
• Appendicular or axial skeleton: 1 to 3 cm of healthy bone
• Grade 2 MCT < 5 cm in diameter: 1 cm
• Feline Vaccine-associated sarcomas 3 cm away will get 94% free of neoplasia
C False
Grade I - 1 cm and Grade II - 2 cm; metric distance for grade 3, or gRade I/II > 5 cm yet to be described
True or false: The ratio of sample to 10% formalin is 1:10.
True
