207 Lab Practical 1

Question 1

What is proper attire?

Answer 1

long pants, closed toed shoes

Question 2

Where do you place used lancets?

Answer 2

sharps/biohazards box

Question 3

When determining blood type, clotting means…? No clotting means…?

Answer 3

clotting = positive, no clotting = negative

Question 4

What are the markers on the RBCs called?

Answer 4

Antigens: ABO & Rh

Question 5

What is the machine that spins out the capillary tubes and what does it show and determine?

Answer 5

Centrifuge; shows PCV (packed cell volume), buffy coat, and plasma; determines if someone has anemia

Question 6

Normal plasma levels (M & F)?

Answer 6

M: 41-50%, F: 36-48%

Question 7

What is the tube in the centrifuge coated with? Why?

Answer 7

Heparin; because heparin is a blood thinner and inhibits clotting

Question 8

What are normal blood glucose levels?

Answer 8

70-100 mg/dl (milligrams/deciliters)

Question 9

What is the universal blood donor? Why?

Answer 9

O-; has NO antigens

Question 10

What is the universal blood recipient?

Answer 10

AB+; has ALL antibodies

Question 11

What does the color blot test indicate?

Answer 11

Hemoglobin levels and can be used to measure anemia

Question 11

Can negative give to positive? Can positive give to negative?

Answer 11

yes; no

Question 12

What is the dangerous condition caused when a mother is Rh- and she is carrying a fetus that is Rh+?

Answer 12

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: can be fatal to the fetus if mom is untreated after the first pregnancy

Question 13

Which are thicker: veins or arteries?

Answer 13

Arteries

Question 14

Where does blood from the right ventricle go?

Answer 14

To the lungs through the Semilunar valve

Question 15

What are the great vessels?

Answer 15

Superior & inferior vena cava, aortic arch, aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 16

Where are the great vessels attached to the heart?

Answer 16

The base (the top)

Question 17

What is the hole in a fetus’ heart that closes with the first breath?

Answer 17

Foramen Ovale

Question 18

What are the chord like structures attached to the valves?

Answer 18

Heartstrings aka Chordae Tendineae

Question 19

What are the valves?

Answer 19

Mitral (left), Tricuspid (right), Semilunar (pulmonary), Aortic (aorta)

Question 20

What is the structure that separates the ventricles?

Answer 20

Interventricular septum

Question 21

What is the muscular layer of the heart?

Answer 21

Myocardium

Question 22

What is the internal layer of the heart?

Answer 22

Endocardium

Question 23

What are the vessels that feed the heart itself?

Answer 23

Coronary Arteries

Question 24

What is the large vein on the posterior heart?

Answer 24

Coronary Sinus

Question 25

What structures on the atria expand to allow increased blood flow?

Answer 25

Auricles

Question 26

What measures how the heart works/heart electricity?

Answer 26

ECG/EKG (electrocardiograph)

Question 27

What is the heartbeat sound wave? What does each part indicate?

Answer 27

P: atria being activated QRS Complex: ventricles contract T: heart recovers to get ready for next cycle

Question 28

What are the autorhythmic fibers that allow the heart to beat?

Answer 28

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker 2. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle 3. R&L Bundle Branches 4. Purkinje Fibers

Question 29

What instrument is used for auscultation?

Answer 29

Stethoscope

Question 30

What is the most common artery for checking pulse rate?

Answer 30

Radial Artery

Question 31

What are the neck arteries?

Answer 31

Carotid arteries

Question 32

What is the top and bottom number in blood pressure?

Answer 32

Top: Systolic = the force that blood hits the walls of the arteries (the bigger number) Bottom: Diastolic = represents the heart at 'rest' (usually in the 80s)

Question 33

What is the official name for a blood pressure apparatus?

Answer 33

sphygmomanometer

Question 34

What is ELISA? What does it do?

Answer 34

Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay tests for antibodies that are in the body's system (can also be used to test for Lupus or COVID)

Question 35

What do antigens do?

Answer 35

Cause body to GENerate antibodies to fight off invaders

Question 36

Where are antibodies?

Answer 36

In your SERUM (the liquid portion of your blood that does NOT contain anticoagulant, blood cells, or clotting factors

Question 37

What does a positive control do?

Answer 37

Shows what a positive result looks like because it contains the antigen or antibody

Question 38

What temperature are the samples incubated at when using ELISA?

Answer 38

37 C or 98.6 F

Question 38

What does a negative control do?

Answer 38

Lacks the factor that would be a positive result

Question 39

Digestive System in order (14)

Answer 39

Mouth Oropharynx Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anus