207 Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
What is proper attire?
long pants, closed toed shoes
Where do you place used lancets?
sharps/biohazards box
When determining blood type, clotting means…? No clotting means…?
clotting = positive, no clotting = negative
What are the markers on the RBCs called?
Antigens: ABO & Rh
What is the machine that spins out the capillary tubes and what does it show and determine?
Centrifuge; shows PCV (packed cell volume), buffy coat, and plasma; determines if someone has anemia
Normal plasma levels (M & F)?
M: 41-50%, F: 36-48%
What is the tube in the centrifuge coated with? Why?
Heparin; because heparin is a blood thinner and inhibits clotting
What are normal blood glucose levels?
70-100 mg/dl (milligrams/deciliters)
What is the universal blood donor? Why?
O-; has NO antigens
What is the universal blood recipient?
AB+; has ALL antibodies
What does the color blot test indicate?
Hemoglobin levels and can be used to measure anemia
Can negative give to positive? Can positive give to negative?
yes; no
What is the dangerous condition caused when a mother is Rh- and she is carrying a fetus that is Rh+?
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: can be fatal to the fetus if mom is untreated after the first pregnancy
Which are thicker: veins or arteries?
Arteries
Where does blood from the right ventricle go?
To the lungs through the Semilunar valve
What are the great vessels?
Superior & inferior vena cava, aortic arch, aorta, pulmonary trunk
Where are the great vessels attached to the heart?
The base (the top)
What is the hole in a fetus’ heart that closes with the first breath?
Foramen Ovale
What are the chord like structures attached to the valves?
Heartstrings aka Chordae Tendineae
What are the valves?
Mitral (left), Tricuspid (right), Semilunar (pulmonary), Aortic (aorta)
What is the structure that separates the ventricles?
Interventricular septum
What is the muscular layer of the heart?
Myocardium
What is the internal layer of the heart?
Endocardium
What are the vessels that feed the heart itself?
Coronary Arteries
What is the large vein on the posterior heart?
Coronary Sinus
What structures on the atria expand to allow increased blood flow?
Auricles
What measures how the heart works/heart electricity?
ECG/EKG (electrocardiograph)
What is the heartbeat sound wave? What does each part indicate?
P: atria being activated
QRS Complex: ventricles contract
T: heart recovers to get ready for next cycle
What are the autorhythmic fibers that allow the heart to beat?
- Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker
- Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
- R&L Bundle Branches
- Purkinje Fibers
What instrument is used for auscultation?
Stethoscope
What is the most common artery for checking pulse rate?
Radial Artery
What are the neck arteries?
Carotid arteries
What is the top and bottom number in blood pressure?
Top: Systolic = the force that blood hits the walls of the arteries (the bigger number)
Bottom: Diastolic = represents the heart at ‘rest’ (usually in the 80s)
What is the official name for a blood pressure apparatus?
sphygmomanometer
What is ELISA? What does it do?
Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay
tests for antibodies that are in the body’s system (can also be used to test for Lupus or COVID)
What do antigens do?
Cause body to GENerate antibodies to fight off invaders
Where are antibodies?
In your SERUM (the liquid portion of your blood that does NOT contain anticoagulant, blood cells, or clotting factors
What does a positive control do?
Shows what a positive result looks like because it contains the antigen or antibody
What temperature are the samples incubated at when using ELISA?
37 C or 98.6 F
What does a negative control do?
Lacks the factor that would be a positive result
Digestive System in order (14)
Mouth
Oropharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus
