20.3: Regulation of transcription and translation

Question 1

Transcriptional factors

Answer 1

Molecules that move from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and switch on the gene for beginning transcription.

Question 2

How do transcriptional factors work?

Answer 2

Each has a site that binds to a specific base sequence of DNA in the nucleus and when it binds, transcription begins in this region.

Question 3

Site of transcriptional factor inactive

Answer 3

can’t cause transcription and protein synthesis

Question 4

The effect of oestrogen in gene transmission

4 steps

Answer 4

• oestrogen diffuses across the cell surface membrane
• oestrogen binds to the receptor (transcriptional factor)
• causes the transcriptional factor binding site to active by changing shape
• the transcriptional factors bind with DNA and the process of transcription begins

Question 5

The effect of oestrogen in gene transmission overview

Answer 5

Can switch on a gene and start transcription by combining with the receptor site on transcriptional factor. This activates the DNA binding site to cause it to change shape.