20.2: Stem cells and totipotency Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Cell differentiation

A

The process by which each cell develops into a specialised structure suited to the role that it’ll carry out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All cells in an organism…

A

contain exactly the same genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Some genes are permanently…

A

expressed in all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Totipotent cells

A

Can mature into any type of body cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example of totipotent cells

A

fertilised egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are genes prevented from being expressed?

2

A

preventing transcription so the production of mRNA

preventing translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells that can develop into other types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do stem cells become specialised?

A

Divide into new cells which then become specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are stem cells found?

2

A

in the embryo (in early stages of development)

some adult tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stem cells link to totipotent cells

A

stem cells that can mature into any type of body cell are totipotent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Self-renewal

A

Stem cells ability to divide and form an identical copy of themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sources from which stem cells originate from

4

A

embryonic stem cells
umbilical cord blood stem cells
placental stem cells
adult stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of stem cells

4

A

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
unipotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pluripotent stem cells

A

(As the zygote matures in develops into slightly more specialised cells)
- Can still specialise into any cell in the body, but lose the ability to become the cells that make up the placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multipotent stem cells

A

Are able to differentiate into a few different types of cells and are found in adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Unipotent stem cells

A

Can only differentiate into a one type of cell and are derived from multipotent cells and made in adult tissue.

17
Q

Induced pluripotent stem cells

A

(iPS cells)
Type of pluripotent cell that is produced from unipotent stem cells which are genetically altered so they can acquire the characteristics of embryonic stem cells.

18
Q

Genes are induced meaning

A

turning on genes that are turned off

19
Q

Induced pluripotent stem cells are capable of

A

self-renewal

20
Q

Induced pluripotent stem cells advantage

A

could replace embryonic stem cells in medical research and overcome ethical issues

21
Q

Example of use of pluripotent cells in treating human disorders

A

regrow tissues that have been damaged