20.3 anatomy of the heart Flashcards
name the layers of the pericardium from the outside in
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium
what is another name for the visceral pericardium?
epicardium
what makes up the serous pericardium?
parietal and visceral pericardium
what is the fibrous pericardium made of?
tough, DFCT
what is the fn of the fibrous pericardium
prevents over-distention
acts as an anchor for the heart in the body
describe the serous pericardium
thin, transparent inner layer of fibrous pericardium
made of simple squamous epithelium
where does the parietal pericardium lie in relation to the fibrous pericardium?
it lines the fibrous pericardium
what covers the heart’s surface?
visceral pericardium (epicardium)
how are the visceral and parietal pericardium connected?
they are continuous and have a parietal cavity between them that is filled with pericardial serous fluid
what are the 3 layers of tissue of the heart all?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
what are the two structures of the endocardium?
pectinate muscles
trabeculae carneae
describe the epicardium
serous membrane, smooth outer surface of the heart
what heart layer is responsible for heart cntx
myocardium
what is the myocardium
middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cells
what is the smooth inner surface of the heart layers?
endocardium
what are the pectinate muscles?
muscular ridges of the auricles and atrium
what are the trabeculae carneae?
muscular ridges and beams on the inside walls of the ventricles
what are the 3 major openings of the right atrium?
superior/inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
what chamber of the heart receives O2 poor blood first?
R atrium
what are the 4 openings from the left atrium?
pulmonary veins
what chamber of the heart receives O2 rich blood first?
L atrium
where is the fossa ovalis located?
interarterial septum
what is the fossa ovalis?
a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale (a shunt between the atrium)
what is the atroventricular canal?
the opening btwn the atria and their respective ventricles
what does the R ventricle open into?
the pulmonary trunk
what does the L ventricle open into?
the aorta
what is the interventricular septum?
the division btwn the 2 ventricles
describe the atrioventricular valves
2 or 3 leaf-like cusps
what are the AV valves attached to?
papillary muscles via chordae tendinae
where are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?
tricuspid between R atrium and R ventricle
bicuspid btwn L atrium and L ventricle
what are the 2 semilunar valves?
pulmonary
atrial
describe the shape of the semilunar valves
half-moon
cup or pocket
how do the semilunar valves open and close?
when the cups are full, they are closed, when the cups are empty, they are open
