2023 Flashcards
what viral agent of gastroenteritis has a single-stranded RNA genome and undergoes two pahses of translation like coronaviruses
norovirus
what is a role of the HIV gp120 protein
binding to CD4 on host cell surfaces
HIV mutates rapidly during an infection due to errors by which enzyme
viral reverse transcriptase
what is the role of the HIV gp41 protein
fusion of viral and cellular membranes during viral entry
in a study that I described in class, blood samples were taken monthly over a 39 month period from patients infected with HIV to follow the virus replicating in the patients’ systems and the patients’ antibody response. The patients became infected with HIV in month 0. What is a valid conclusion from the study?
month 12 plasma has anti-HIV antibodies that react strongly to month 0 virus but not month 12 virus
how could the adenovirus E1b protein play a role in carcinogenesis
binds p53 and prevents activation in response to DNA damage
which of the following is diagnostic for infection with human papilloma virus
koilocytic cells
what is the cause of respiratory papillomatosis
warts of the oropharnyx caused by human papillomavirus infection
what is not a defining property of herpesviridae family members
bring an RNA dependent RNA polymerase into a newly infected cell
which virus is spread by respiratory transmission
varicella-zoster virus
infection by which Human Herpes Viruses causes the following oral manifestations: painful sore throat at onset of infection, rash at the junction of hard and soft palates, and white pseudomembrane on the tonsils?
EBV only
infection with which herpesvirus is commonly diagnosed by detection of heterophile antibody
EBV
during hepatitis B virus infection, infectious viral particles are released from cells. what is a property of these particles
42nm diameter particles containing HBs antigen
an individual who had a prior acute infection with HBV that completely resolved would display which of the follow serological properties
presence of anti-HBs antibodies combined with lack of detectable HBs and HBe antigens
what virus does not create “giant cells” during the cource of an infection
hepatitis A virus
what virus does not invade neurons
respiratory syncytial virus
which drug blocks release of influenza A virus from an infected cell
tamiflu
how does remdesivir, a drug for treating covid-19 act as an antiviral
is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral RNA-dependent RNA
how does paxlovid, a drug for treating covid-19 act as an antiviral
is an inhibitor of viral protease
how does amantidine block infection by influenza A virus
inhibits viral disassembly in endosomes
passive immunization is used for all of the following except
to elicit production of secretory antibodies
which vaccine protects solely or principally by induction of serum antibodies
tetanus vaccine
what strategy has been used to create a successful vaccine against haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
creating a vaccine from Hib capsular polysaccharide linked to a diphtheria toxoid molecule as the antigens
how does the monoclonal antibody drug, first apporved in november 2020 for treating COVID-19 (with a new version approved more recently) act as an antiviral
binds spike (S) protein of SARS-CoB-2, blocking virions from interacting with ACE2 receptor
which of the following is not true about Creuzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD)?
CJD is highly contagious
what disease is caused by the conversion of a normal human protein to a form that aggregates as amyloid fibrils
fatal familial insomnia
this fungus produces a thick capsule which is observed under the microscope with india ink staining
cryptococcus neoformans
how does the anti-fungal fluconazole work
inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylation
which fungal staining method dissolves host tissue but leaves fungal cells intact
potassium hydroxide treatment
which characterisitic is not associated with fungi
cell walls contain N-acetyl-muramic acid polymers
for fungi, to what does the term dimorphism refer
capability to grow as a yeast or mold
which form of oral candidiasis involves superficial fungal growth with easily removeable plaques of fungi
acute pesudomembranous
infection by which organism is not associated with the formation of granulomas in the lung
sporothrix schenkii
which of the following is associated with coccidioides immitis
chronic meningitis
what is meant by a definitive host when referring to a parasitic organism
the host in which the parasite’s sexual reproduction phase occurs
what is a property assoicated with plasmodium falciparum
invades and lyses red blood cells
the anaerobic metabolism of some protozoal pathogens makes them susceptible to which drug
metronidazole
which genus contains the most commonly sexually transmitted protozoan disease agent
trichomonas
salmonella-shigella agar (SS) is an example of which type of culture medium used for diagnosis of a bacterial infection
selective medium
the “specificity” of a diagnositic-test measures the percentage of
true negative test results among the total of the true negative plus false positives
what is the order of components for an ELISA test for microbial antigen detection in a patient blood serum sample? order reads right to left in answer choices. Step K= enzyme substrate added Step M= patient serum added Step X= enzyme conjugated antibody specific to antigen added
laboratory produced antibody specific for antigen bound to well surface; Step M; Step X; Step K
what is the basis for a positive test result in a latex agglutination test for a pathogen?
presence of pathogen antigens in a sample cause agglutination of latex beads
what is the morbidity rate for a disease
number of new cases in a specific time period per unit of population
what does the term R0 mean with respect to the epidemiology of an infectious disease
the number of secondary cases that one cause of the disease would produce in a completely susceptible population
in airborne disease transmission, what is a property of droplet nucle
particles of 4 micrometers or less in diameter
what is true about a propagated epidemic
the number of cases begins to fall once the umber of susceptible individuals falls below the threshold density
“universal precautions” means that
all patients are treated as though they are a source of infectious pathogens
what is the spaulding classifcation category of a dental implant
critical
what compounds are cationic detergents, making them effective wetting agents and emulsifiers that also kill most bacteria but are safe and easy to use even in households
quaternary ammonium compounds
hexachlorophene is a member of what class of chemical agents used for microbrial control
phenolics
