2021

Question 1

in a study that I described in class, blood samples were taken monthly over a 39 month period from patients infected with HIV to follow the virus replicating in the patients’ systems and the patients’ systems and the patients’ antibody response. the patients became infected with HIV in month 0. what is a valid conclusion from the study

Answer 1

month 0 plasma does not have significant levels of anti-HIV antibodies

Question 2

what is true about CD4 positive T cells with respect to HIV infection

Answer 2

loss of CD4 positive T cells affects B cell functioning

Question 3

conjunctivitis can be caused by

Answer 3

adenocirus

Question 4

what viral protein sequesters Rb and prevents it from controlling E2f transcription factor

Answer 4

adenovirus E1a protein

Question 5

the Human Papilloma Virus E7 protein plays a role most similar to the role of what other viral protein

Answer 5

adenovirus E1a protein

Question 6

what is not a defining property of herpesviridae family members

Answer 6

bring an RNA dependent RNA polymerase into a newly infected cell

Question 7

which hepatitis virus(es) mainly infect via a fecal-oral mode of transmission

Answer 7

HAV and HEV

Question 8

which of the following is diagnostic for infection with cytomegalovirus

Answer 8

owl eye inclusions

Question 9

what condition, caused by virus, results in vesicles on the oral mucosa, the tongue and gingiva

Answer 9

herpetic stomatitis

Question 10

what viruses are present in the greatest proportion of advanced periodontal lesions

Answer 10

cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus

Question 11

infection with which herpesvirus is commonly diagnosed by detection of heterophile antibody

Answer 11

EBV

Question 12

the anti-herpes simplex virus drug acyclovir

Answer 12

is phosphorylated by the viral thymidine kinase enzyme

Question 13

what is a property of the anti-cytomegalovirus drug ganciclovir

Answer 13

is more toxic than acyclovir because it is more readily used by cellular thymidine kinase

Question 14

enfuvitide is an HIV fusion inhibitor that

Answer 14

binds to gp41

Question 15

passive immunization is used for all of the following except

Answer 15

to elicit production of secretory antibodies

Question 16

an adjuvant is used to

Answer 16

boost the immunogenicity of a killed (inactivated) virus vaccine

Question 17

which of the following is true about variant creuzfeldt-Jakob disease (variant CJD)

Answer 17

variant CJD can be acquired as an infection

Question 18

infection by which organism is usually not associated with the formation of granulomas in the lung

Answer 18

candida albicans

Question 19

which anti-fungal works by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent 14-alpha-lanosterol demethylation

Answer 19

fluconazole

Question 20

how do anti-fungal allylamine compounds work

Answer 20

inhibit squalene epoxidase activity

Question 21

which of the following is the most effective of the body’s defenses for fighting fungi

Answer 21

neutrophil phagocytosis

Question 22

which form of candidiasis is associated with high incidences of oral cancer

Answer 22

plaquelike/nodular

Question 23

which fungus lacks a yeast form, only exhibiting a mold form

Answer 23

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 24

what agent of “desert rheumatism” can cause chronic meningitis that is fatal without lifelong treatment

Answer 24

coccidioides immitis

Question 25

which of the following is an illness, endemic to the united states, characterized by periodic febrile episodes when pathogen-infection red blood cells lyse

Answer 25

babesia

Question 26

what protozoal disease agent is transmitted by anopheles mosquitos and results in destruction of red blood cells

Answer 26

plasmodium falciparum

Question 27

what is a characteristic of disease caused by toxoplasma gondii

Answer 27

lesions in the brain

Question 28

what is the specificity of a diagnostic test for a pathogen that gives a true negative test result 499 out of 500 times (i.e. when the pathogen is actually absent) with a false positive result occurirng 1 out of 500 times

Answer 28

99.8%

Question 29

what are the basic components of a PCR assay used for diagnostic purposes

Answer 29

pathogen DNA, a pair of pathogen-specific DNA primers, dNTPs, and a thermostable DNA polymerase

Question 30

what is true about a propagated epidemic

Answer 30

the number of cases begins to fall once the number of susceptible individuals falls below the threshold density

Question 31

what is the decimal reduction time in the heat-killing of microorganisms

Answer 31

time required to kill 90% of microbes in a sample at a specific temperature